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As a company rooted in science, we are troubled by recent reports citing antibodies as one of the causes of scientific irreproducibility.
Specificity, consistency, and optimized assay conditions are three key elements that help ensure reliable immunofluorescence (IF) staining results each and every time.
Study the intricate machinery of the apoptosis signaling pathway. Click here to learn more and gain insights into programmed cell death mechanisms.
PTMScan Motif Antibody Kits from Cell Signaling Technology
Learn about the power and applications of recombinant antibodies in research. Click here to find out more and revolutionize your experiments.
CST® Proteomics Analytical Services help you identify and validate drug targets, discover biomarkers, determine on/off-target effects, and mechanisms of action.
Discover the PI3K Akt pathway and its crucial role in cell growth and survival. Click here to learn more & gain insights into this important signaling cascade
PTMScan® Sumoylation Remnant Motif Kit - SUMOylation Proteomics
Protein enrichment by immunoprecipitation is frequently carried out prior to analysis. In this Tech Tip, Sarah presents considerations for choosing antibodies and beads for IP.
Antibody formulations to match your assay and platform needs—custom BSA- and azide-free, formulate at higher concentrations, or modify into other buffers.
Expert-reviewed diagram providing a current overview of the Senescence Signaling pathway with references to its role in cell cycle
Learn here about the HIF-1 signaling pathway and its impact on oxygen homeostasis and cellular adaptation. Click here.
Expert-reviewed interactive pathway providing a current overview of the Warburg Effect.
Myeloid cells are differentiated from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow and include monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and platelets.
This webinar will focus on the potential role of innate immunity in neurodegeneration and cognitive function, particularly in Alzheimer's disease.
Antibody validation principles at Cell Signaling Technology.
Expert-reviewed interactive pathway providing a current overview of the molecular and cellular biology of Alzheimer’s Disease.
Learn about CUT&RUN - a low cell number alternative to ChIP-qPCR and ChIP-seq to analyze protein-DNA interaction in chromatin.
Xenophagy provides an important defense against foreign pathogens such as bacteria and viruses by targeting them for degradation through autophagy.
Autophagy is more than just the bulk degradation of intracellular components. It can also selectively degrade specific organelles, pathogens, and proteins.
Mitophagy is a well-studied example of selective autophagy. This post explores mitophagy functions and the consequence of excessive or inadequate mitophagy
We have not back calculated the number of viable cells per well based on the OD readout from the XTT Cell Viability Kit #9095. We use the OD readout to see the activity level of the wells. We have been unable to find any calculations that could be of use for determining the number of viable cells from the OD readout. Unfortunately, we do not have any additional information to provide.
The validation of PTM sites may be accomplished in several ways. Often, the site of interest may be seen in the context of more than one peptide due to alternative forms caused by incomplete protease digestion. A related approach is to employ an alternative protease in the primary digest that presents the PTM in the context of a different peptide. The identification of these alternative peptides increases confidence in the original identification. The use of site-specific PTM antibodies in conjunction with treatment conditions or knock-out and knock-in models that lead to an increase or decrease in the site can also validate the assignment. Finally, the method considered the gold standard is to synthesize the respective PTM peptide and show that its MS2 chromatogram is identical to the one experimentally determined.
While FGF Receptor 2 can migrate at the predicted 92 kDa, due to post-translational N-linked glycosylation at 8 predicted sites, it is often observed at greater than 140 kDa (see https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21802). This variability in migration (for FGFR1, 2, and 3) has been experimentally validated in the literature, often by treating samples with glycosylation inhibitors:Keegan, K. et al. (1991) Oncogene 6, 2229-36 (PMID: 1662791, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1662791)Hatch, N.E. et al. (2006) J Biol Chem. 281, 27292-305 (PMID: 16844695; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16844695)
A table that lists shelf-life expectations for CST products (when stored under the recommended conditions).
The 48 kDa band represents VASP phosphorylated at Ser239 and the 50 kDa band represents VASP phosphorylated at both Ser239 and Ser157. The hyper-phosphorylation that occurs when both serines are phosphorylated leads to a shift in the molecular weight. If you would like more information, please refer to Aizawa et al. (2003) Circ Res 93, 406-13 (PMID: 12919948; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12919948).