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All four of our MMP-2 antibodies should detect both the full-length proenzyme that runs at 72 kDa and the cleaved, active enzyme that runs at 64 kDa. As the activated form is secreted, it is more difficult to detect using endogenous models and often the 72 kDa proenzyme is more easily detected. In very high expression cell lines, such as U-87 MG, SF-296, and 3T3, the active form can be detected as a faint signal.
Products and Related Resources for Fibrosis SARS-CoV-2 Research
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing blood vessels, plays a key role in tumorigenesis.
Expert-reviewed interactive pathway providing a current overview of Contribution of Extracellular Matrix to EMT Signaling.
We use Microcon columns from Amicon (30 kDa cut off) to concentrate media. It is important that the medium does not contain FBS because this will make it difficult to concentrate with the Microcon columns.1. Spin the media (20 ml) to pellet any cellular debris.2. Add the 20ml volume to a Microcon column and concentrate it down to 500 ul.3. Add 10 ml of cold 1xPBS to the 500 ul sample to wash it and concentrate again to 500 ul.4. Transfer the 500 ul of concentrated media to an eppendorf tube and wash the Microcon tube membrane twice with 250 ul of cold 1xPBS to remove any proteins stuck to the membrane. This should result in a 1ml sample.5. Add 500 ul of 3x reducing SDS sample buffer to 1.0 ml of concentrated media. MMPs tend to be quite unstable and degrade easily in our hands, so we highly suggest adding protease and phosphatase inhibitors to the lysate, along with PMSF and 5 mM EDTA (as a chelator).6. Aliquot the lysates and store them at -80C.
Expert-reviewed diagram providing a current overview of the Senescence Signaling pathway with references to its role in cell cycle
Overview of Angiogenesis antibodies & related reagents, interactive pathway diagrams, and other technical resources.
Senescence is the irreversible arrest of proliferation in response to a variety of cellular stressors. This state is associated with changes in intracellular signaling pathways. Learn more.
In response to a variety of environmental factors, cells may permanently cease proliferation and enter a state known as cellular senescence.
Expert-reviewed interactive pathway providing a current overview of angiogenesis pathways and links to products by Cell Signaling Technology.
It remains difficult for scientists to predict the long-term health effects of COVID-19, particularly considering its diversity of effects during acute infection. The most severe impacts appear to manifest in tissues with high levels of vascularization (e.g., lungs, heart, kidney, liver), and it is evident that the virus elicits a significant inflammatory response in infected tissues
A number of growth factors and cytokines can induce an Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in tumor cells.
Cellular senescence is defined by permanent cell cycle arrest. Senescent cells accumulate with age and contribute to normal aging and age-related disorders
Explore the G protein coupled receptor signaling pathway and its diverse roles in cellular communication. Read more here.
Cellular senescence is stable cell cycle arrest linked to aging and cancer and other disease states, including those associated with inflammation. It is induced by DNA damage, oncogenic signaling, and telomere shortening.
Our MT1-MMP (D1E4) Rabbit mAb #13130 was produced with an antigenic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Met293 of human MT1-MMP protein (see UniProt ID #P50281; https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P50281). Therefore, the antibody recognizes both the full-length MT1-MMP zymogen and the proteolytically processed, active enzyme (residues 112 to 582). The 62 kDa band represents the inactive zymogen that includes the inhibitory prodomain. MT1-MMP is activated by cleavage between Arg111 and Tyr112 to produce a mature/active enzyme [see Golubkov V.S. et al. (2007) J Biol Chem 282, 36283-91 (PMID: 17938169; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17938169)] that migrates at approximately 50 kDa. We have not performed any direct testing to confirm that the 50 kDa band is definitively the cleaved form, but it is very likely the case based on the literature, expression levels, and epitope location.
A scientific resource for the RING protein domain containing information on structure, function, and domain binding to ubiquitin in protein degradation pathways.
The Ubiquitin Ligase Table provides a comprehensive list of E3 ubiquitin ligases along with their substrates and corresponding PubMed reference(s).
