37-50
#P07141
12977
Background
Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) is produced by fibroblasts, endothelial cells, stromal cells, macrophages, osteoblasts, and other cell types (1). M-CSF is required for growth and differentiation of monocytes and macrophages (1,2). M-CSF polarizes macrophages into the M2 phenotype where anti-inflammatory IL-10 is produced, rather than the M1 phenotype where inflammatory cytokines are produced. M-CSF also recruits monocytes and enhances angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production (1,2). M-CSF binds to its receptor CSF1R; downstream signaling involves PI3K/Akt, Erk, and Stats 1, 3, and 5 (1,3). An increase in M-CSF expression may contribute to cancer progression, and high plasma M-CSF levels are associated with rheumatoid arthritis (1,4,5).
Endotoxin
Less than 0.01 ng endotoxin/1 μg mM-CSF.
Purity
>98% as determined by SDS-PAGE of 6 μg reduced (+) and non-reduced (-) recombinant mM-CSF. All lots are greater than 98% pure.
Source / Purification
Recombinant mouse M-CSF (mM-CSF) Lys33-Glu262 (Accession #NP_031804) was expressed in human 293 cells at Cell Signaling Technology.
Bioactivity
The bioactivity of recombinant mM-CSF was determined in an M-NFS-60 cell proliferation assay. The ED50 of each lot is between 0.5-2.0 ng/ml.
Background
Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) is produced by fibroblasts, endothelial cells, stromal cells, macrophages, osteoblasts, and other cell types (1). M-CSF is required for growth and differentiation of monocytes and macrophages (1,2). M-CSF polarizes macrophages into the M2 phenotype where anti-inflammatory IL-10 is produced, rather than the M1 phenotype where inflammatory cytokines are produced. M-CSF also recruits monocytes and enhances angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production (1,2). M-CSF binds to its receptor CSF1R; downstream signaling involves PI3K/Akt, Erk, and Stats 1, 3, and 5 (1,3). An increase in M-CSF expression may contribute to cancer progression, and high plasma M-CSF levels are associated with rheumatoid arthritis (1,4,5).
Background References
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
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