| Product Includes | Product # | Quantity | Color | Storage Temp |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atg13 Rabbit mAb Coated Microwells | 91308 | 96 tests |
|
+4C |
| Atg13 Rabbit Detection mAb | 35815 | 1 ea |
|
+4C |
| HRP Diluent | 13515 | 5.5 ml |
|
+4C |
| TMB Substrate | 7004 | 11 ml |
|
+4C |
| STOP Solution | 7002 | 11 ml |
|
+4C |
| Sealing Tape | 54503 | 2 ea |
|
+4C |
| ELISA Wash Buffer (20X) | 9801 | 25 ml |
|
+4C |
| Cell Lysis Buffer (10X) | 9803 | 15 ml |
|
-20C |
*The microwell plate is supplied as 12 8-well modules - Each module is designed to break apart for 8 tests.
Description
The rapid protocol (RP) PathScan® RP Total Atg13 Sandwich ELISA Kit is a solid phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detects endogenous levels of Atg13 protein in a reduced assay time of 1.5 hours. Incubation of cell lysates and detection antibody on the coated microwell plate forms a sandwich with Atg13 protein in a single step. The plate is then extensively washed and TMB reagent is added for signal development. The magnitude of absorbance for the developed color is proportional to the quantity of Atg13 protein. Learn more about all of your ELISA kit options here.
*Antibodies in this kit are custom formulations specific to kit.
Specificity/Sensitivity
Background
Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents (1,2). Autophagy is generally activated by conditions of nutrient deprivation but has also been associated with a number of physiological processes including development, differentiation, neurodegeneration, infection, and cancer (3). The molecular machinery of autophagy was largely discovered in yeast and referred to as autophagy-related (Atg) genes.
Atg13/Apg13 was originally identified in yeast as a constitutively expressed protein that was genetically linked to Atg1/Apg1, a protein kinase required for autophagy (4). Overexpression of Atg1 suppresses the defects in autophagy observed in Atg13 mutants (4). Autophagy requires a direct association between Atg1 and Atg13, and is inhibited by TOR-dependent phosphorylation of Atg13 under high-nutrient conditions (5). Similarly, mammalian Atg13 forms a complex with the Atg1 homologues ULK1/2, along with FIP200, which localizes to autophagic isolation membranes and regulates autophagosome biogenesis (6-8). mTOR phosphorylates both Atg13 and ULK1, suppressing ULK1 kinase activity and autophagy (7-9). ULK1 can directly phosphorylate Atg13 at a yet unidentified site, presumably to promote autophagy (7,8). Additional studies suggest that Atg13 and FIP200 can function independently of ULK1 and ULK2 to induce autophagy through an unknown mechanism (10).
- Reggiori, F. and Klionsky, D.J. (2002) Eukaryot Cell 1, 11-21.
- Codogno, P. and Meijer, A.J. (2005) Cell Death Differ 12 Suppl 2, 1509-18.
- Levine, B. and Yuan, J. (2005) J Clin Invest 115, 2679-88.
- Funakoshi, T. et al. (1997) Gene 192, 207-13.
- Kamada, Y. et al. (2000) J Cell Biol 150, 1507-13.
- Ganley, I.G. et al. (2009) J Biol Chem 284, 12297-305.
- Hosokawa, N. et al. (2009) Mol Biol Cell 20, 1981-91.
- Jung, C.H. et al. (2009) Mol Biol Cell 20, 1992-2003.
- Kim, J. et al. (2011) Nat Cell Biol 13, 132-41.
- Alers, S. et al. (2011) Autophagy 7, 1423-33.
Background References
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
Trademarks and Patents
Limited Uses
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