WB, IP
H M R
Endogenous
51
Rabbit IgG
#P49407
408
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
| Immunoprecipitation | 1:200 |
Storage
Specificity / Sensitivity
Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse, Rat
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the carboxy terminus of human β-arrestin 1 protein.
Background
Arrestin proteins function as negative regulators of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. Cognate ligand binding stimulates GPCR phosphorylation, which is followed by binding of arrestin to the phosphorylated GPCR and the eventual internalization of the receptor and desensitization of GPCR signaling (1). Four distinct mammalian arrestin proteins are known. Arrestin 1 (also known as S-arrestin) and arrestin 4 (X-arrestin) are localized to retinal rods and cones, respectively. Arrestin 2 (also known as β-arrestin 1) and arrestin 3 (β-arrestin 2) are ubiquitously expressed and bind to most GPCRs (2). β-arrestins function as adaptor and scaffold proteins and play important roles in other processes, such as recruiting c-Src family proteins to GPCRs in Erk activation pathways (3,4). β-arrestins are also involved in some receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways (5-8). Additional evidence suggests that β-arrestins translocate to the nucleus and help regulate transcription by binding transcriptional cofactors (9,10).
A research study has shown that non-visual β-arrestins respond to glucocorticoid signaling, with differential responses observed among family members. Specifically, β-arrestin 1 expression is increased in response to glucocorticoid receptor activation whereas β-arrestin 2 shows a concomitant decrease in expression (11).
- Shenoy, S.K. and Lefkowitz, R.J. (2005) Sci STKE 2005, cm10.
- Lefkowitz, R.J. and Shenoy, S.K. (2005) Science 308, 512-7.
- Luttrell, L.M. et al. (1999) Science 283, 655-61.
- Luttrell, L.M. et al. (1999) Curr Opin Cell Biol 11, 177-83.
- Luttrell, L.M. and Lefkowitz, R.J. (2002) J Cell Sci 115, 455-65.
- Waters, C. et al. (2004) Semin Cell Dev Biol 15, 309-23.
- Lefkowitz, R.J. and Whalen, E.J. (2004) Curr Opin Cell Biol 16, 162-8.
- Waters, C.M. et al. (2005) Cell Signal 17, 263-77.
- Kang, J. et al. (2005) Cell 123, 833-47.
- Ma, L. and Pei, G. (2007) J Cell Sci 120, 213-8.
- Oakley, R.H. et al. (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109, 17591-6.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Western Blot Buffer
IMPORTANT: For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% w/v BSA, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween® 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.
Applications Key
WB: Western Blotting IP: Immunoprecipitation
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
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