WB, IHC-P
H M
Endogenous (IHC-P), Transfected (W)
17
Rabbit IgG
#P68431
8350
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
| Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) | 1:800 - 1:3200 |
Storage
Specificity / Sensitivity
Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse
Species predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology
The antigen sequence used to produce this antibody shares
100% sequence homology with the species listed here, but
reactivity has not been tested or confirmed to work by CST.
Use of this product with these species is not covered under
our
Product Performance Guarantee.
Mouse, Rat, Monkey
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the amino terminus of histone H3 in which Arg17 is citrullinated.
Background
The nucleosome, made up of four core histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4), is the primary building block of chromatin. Histone posttranslational modifications, such as methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and citrullination, influence chromatin accessibility and regulate gene expression (1). Histone citrullination is carried out by protein arginine deiminases (PADs), which convert positively charged arginine residues into neutral citrulline (2). Histone citrullination affects the binding of histone reader proteins to chromatin, and it is associated with both transcriptional activation and repression (3-5). Histone citrullination is also a major marker for NETosis, which is a programmed cell death mechanism carried out by neutrophils (6). De-regulation of NETosis is associated with multiple autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and lupus (7,8). Histone hypercitrullination via PAD4 may also play a role in the progression of various cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (9-12).
- Shanmugam, M.K. et al. (2018) Oncotarget 9, 11414-11426.
- Fuhrmann, J. and Thompson, P.R. (2016) ACS Chem Biol 11, 654-68.
- Wang, Y. et al. (2004) Science 306, 279-83.
- Cuthbert, G.L. et al. (2004) Cell 118, 545-53.
- Zhang, X. et al. (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109, 13331-6.
- Hamam, H.J. and Palaniyar, N. (2019) Biomolecules 9, 369. doi: 10.3390/biom9080369.
- Corsiero, E. et al. (2016) Front Immunol 7, 485.
- Hakkim, A. et al. (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107, 9813-8.
- McNee, G. et al. (2017) Leukemia 31, 373-381.
- Song, G. et al. (2016) Oncotarget 7, 3144-57.
- Tanikawa, C. et al. (2012) Nat Commun 3, 676.
- Lu, M. et al. (2020) J Med Virol 92, 1221-1230.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Western Blot Buffer
IMPORTANT: For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% w/v BSA, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween® 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.
Applications Key
WB: Western Blotting IHC-P: Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
Trademarks and Patents
Limited Uses
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Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.
