Recombinant antibodies offer several key advantages compared to traditional antibodies. These include superior lot-to-lot consistency, continuous supply, and animal-free manufacturing. As such, recombinant antibodies are seeing increased use for scientific research, especially as a means of addressing the ongoing reproducibility crisis.
Traditional polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are the product of normal B cell development and genetic recombination. They are generated by immunizing an animal with an antigen to elicit an immune response. While polyclonal antibodies are secreted by many different B cell clones and recognize multiple antigenic epitopes, monoclonals originate from a single B cell clone and are specific for just one epitope.
Recombinant antibodies are monoclonal, but their production involves in vitro genetic manipulation. After cloning the antibody genes into an expression vector, this is then transfected into an appropriate host cell line for antibody expression. Mammalian cell lines are most commonly used for recombinant antibody production, although cell lines of bacterial, yeast, or insect origin are also suitable.
Because recombinant antibody production involves sequencing the antibody light and heavy chains, it is a highly controlled and reliable process. In contrast, hybridoma-based systems for producing monoclonal antibodies are subject to genetic drift and instability, increasing the potential for lot-to-lot variability or loss of antibody expression. Recombinant antibodies are highly consistent from lot to lot, thereby ensuring reproducible experimental results.
In vitro methods for producing antibodies are amenable to large-scale production, meaning antibody availability is unlikely to become a limiting factor. Moreover, since the recombinant antibody sequence is known, continuity of supply is assured; in situations where an antibody will be used to support large, long-term studies, this can be an especially critical factor.
Unlike traditional methods for antibody production, recombinant approaches avoid the need to use animals. Where polyclonal antibodies are purified directly from the serum of the immunized host, and monoclonals are purified from either hybridoma-derived tissue culture supernatant or ascites, recombinant antibodies are instead purified from the tissue culture supernatants of transfected host cell lines. Regardless of whether an antibody is polyclonal, monoclonal or recombinant, it must always be properly validated in the intended application prior to experimental use. At CST, we adhere to the Hallmarks of Antibody Validation™, six complementary strategies for determining the specificity, sensitivity, and functionality of an antibody in any given assay. By carefully tailoring these strategies to each antibody product, we guarantee that CST antibodies will work as expected, to help you achieve results you can trust.
| Cat. # | Size | Qty. | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| 55879S | 100 µl |
|
| REACTIVITY | H |
| SENSITIVITY | Endogenous |
| MW (kDa) | 30 |
| Source/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
Product Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
| Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry) | 1:100 - 1:200 |
For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% w/v nonfat dry milk, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween® 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.
NOTE: Please refer to primary antibody product webpage for recommended antibody dilution.
NOTE: Prepare solutions with reverse osmosis deionized (RODI) or equivalent grade water.
Load 20 µl onto SDS-PAGE gel (10 cm x 10 cm).
NOTE: Loading of prestained molecular weight markers (#59329, 10 µl/lane) to verify electrotransfer and biotinylated protein ladder (#7727, 10 µl/lane) to determine molecular weights are recommended.
NOTE: Volumes are for 10 cm x 10 cm (100 cm2) of membrane; for different sized membranes, adjust volumes accordingly.
* Avoid repeated exposure to skin.
posted June 2005
revised June 2020
Protocol Id: 263
NOTE: Prepare solutions with reverse osmosis deionized (RODI) or equivalently purified water.
Recommended Fluorochrome-conjugated Anti-Rabbit secondary antibodies:
NOTE: Cells should be grown, treated, fixed and stained directly in multi-well plates, chamber slides or on coverslips.
NOTE: All subsequent incubations should be carried out at room temperature unless otherwise noted in a humid light-tight box or covered dish/plate to prevent drying and fluorochrome fading.
posted December 2010
Protocol Id: 3
Human
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Asp270 of human Gasdermin E protein.
The gasdermin family, which includes GSDMA, GSDMB, GSDMC, GSDMD, and GSDME, has been shown to play a role in inflammation and cell death. Gasdermin D has been reported to have a critical role as a downstream effector of pyroptosis (1,2). Pyroptosis is a lytic type of cell death triggered by inflammasomes, multiprotein complexes assembled in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that result in the activation of caspase-1 and subsequent cleavage of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 (3). Gasdermin D was identified by two independent groups as a substrate of inflammatory caspases, caspase-1 and caspase-11/4/5, producing two fragments: GSDMD-N and GSDMD-C. Cleavage results in release of an intramolecular inhibitory interaction between the N- and C-terminal domains, allowing the N-terminal fragment GSDMD-N to initiate pyroptosis through the formation of pores on the plasma membrane (4-7).
Gasdermin E (GSDME), also known as DFNA5, was originally identified as a genetic cause of nonsyndromic hearing loss (8). Like other gasdermin family members, Gasdermin E contains an amino-terminal pore forming domain that triggers pyroptosis. Cleavage of Gasdermin E at Asp270 is induced by apoptotic-associated Caspase-3, converting apoptotic signals to pyroptosis (9). In addition, cleavage of Gasdermin E can be induced by Granzyme B secreted by NK cells and contributes to tumor suppressive activity (10). Gasdermin E expression is suppressed in several types of cancer including gastric, colorectal, and breast carcinoma, and may be associated with decreased survival (11-13). In contrast, an increase in Gasdermin E, including the amino-terminal pore-forming fragment, is associated with conditions of excessive inflammation (14-16).
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Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.
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