IF-F
M
Endogenous
Rabbit IgG
#P14416
1813
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Immunofluorescence (Frozen) | 1:50 - 1:200 |
Storage
Specificity / Sensitivity
Species Reactivity:
Mouse
Species predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology
The antigen sequence used to produce this antibody shares
100% sequence homology with the species listed here, but
reactivity has not been tested or confirmed to work by CST.
Use of this product with these species is not covered under
our
Product Performance Guarantee.
Human, Rat
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Pro300 of human dopamine D(2) receptor/D2R protein.
Background
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays important roles in the brain, particularly in dopamine pathways that control the motivational component of reward-motivated behavior. These behavioral outputs are generated by the basal ganglia via its interaction with multiple brain areas that modulate sensorimotor, emotional, and cognitive information (1). The brain’s major dopaminergic input is into the striatum, a region of the basal ganglia composed of GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Two major subpopulations of MSN exist in the striatum that are distinguished by the expression of dopamine receptor subtypes, the dopamine D(1) receptor subtype and the dopamine D(2) receptor subtype (D1R and D2R, respectively) (2,3). As a family of proteins, dopamine receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) consisting of 5 subtypes that, upon initiation, drive downstream signaling cascades that modulate neuronal function (1). Dopamine receptors form homo- and hetero-multimers with subunits within their protein family but also with other GPCRs, including Adenosine Receptor A2a, suggesting that dopamine receptor activity might be finely tuned and altered under certain conditions (4). Dopamine receptors have been studied as a therapeutic target for several neuropsychiatric and developmental disorders, as well as neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (5-8). Dopamine receptors are also expressed outside of the brain and may have diverse functions beyond the central nervous system, including regulating innate and adaptive immunity (9).
- Beaulieu, J.M. and Gainetdinov, R.R. (2011) Pharmacol Rev 63, 182-217.
- Kebabian, J.W. and Calne, D.B. (1979) Nature 277, 93-6.
- Bertran-Gonzalez, J. et al. (2008) J Neurosci 28, 5671-85.
- Agnati, L.F. et al. (2016) Rev Neurosci 27, 1-25.
- Komatsu, H. et al. (2019) Int J Mol Sci 20, pii: E3207. doi: 10.3390/ijms20133207.
- Klein, M.O. et al. (2019) Cell Mol Neurobiol 39, 31-59.
- Hurley, M.J. and Jenner, P. (2006) Pharmacol Ther 111, 715-28.
- Stocchi, F. et al. (2016) Expert Opin Pharmacother 17, 1889-902.
- Vidal, P.M. and Pacheco, R. (2019) J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 19, doi: 10.1007/s11481-019-09834-5.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Applications Key
IF-F: Immunofluorescence (Frozen)
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
Trademarks and Patents
Limited Uses
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