WB, IP, IHC-P
H
Endogenous
95, 120
Rabbit IgG
#Q14956
10457
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
| Immunoprecipitation | 1:50 |
| Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) | 1:500 |
Storage
Specificity / Sensitivity
Species Reactivity:
Human
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the amino terminus of human GPNMB protein.
Background
Glycoprotein non-metastatic gene B (GPNMB) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed in many types of cancer. The GPNMB glycoprotein is involved in many physiological processes, including mediating transport of late melanosomes to keratinocytes (1), regulating osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and function (2), stimulating dendritic cell maturation, promoting adhesion of dendritic cells to endothelial cells (3), enhancing autophagosome fusion to lysosomes in tissue repair, and regulating degradation of cellular debris (4,5).
While typical GPNMB expression is seen in tissues including skin, heart, kidney, lung, liver, and skeletal muscle (3,6), research studies show elevated GPNMB expression often contributes to the metastatic phenotype in numerous cancers (reviewed in 7). GPNMB is typically localized to intracellular compartments in normal cells (1,8), but investigators found it primarily on the cell surface of tumor cells (9,10). Differential localization and expression, and the role of GPNMB as a tumor promoter in many cancer types make this protein a viable therapeutic target (11).
The GPNMB ectodomain can be cleaved by matrix metalloproteinases and shed from the cell surface (12). Research studies identify the sheddase ADAM10 as one peptidase responsible for cleavage of the GPNMB ectodomain at the surface of breast cancer cells. Shedded GPNMB ectodomains may promote angiogenesis by inducing endothelial cell migration (13).
- Tomihari, M. et al. (2009) Exp Dermatol 18, 586-95.
- Sheng, M.H. et al. (2012) PLoS One 7, e35280.
- Shikano, S. et al. (2001) J Biol Chem 276, 8125-34.
- Li, B. et al. (2010) FASEB J 24, 4767-81.
- Patel-Chamberlin, M. et al. (2011) Kidney Int 79, 1138-48.
- Bandari, P.S. et al. (2003) Regul Pept 111, 169-78.
- Maric, G. et al. (2013) Onco Targets Ther 6, 839-52.
- Ripoll, V.M. et al. (2007) J Immunol 178, 6557-66.
- Tse, K.F. et al. (2006) Clin Cancer Res 12, 1373-82.
- Rose, A.A. et al. (2010) Clin Cancer Res 16, 2147-56.
- Keir, C.H. and Vahdat, L.T. (2012) Expert Opin Biol Ther 12, 259-63.
- Furochi, H. et al. (2007) FEBS Lett 581, 5743-50.
- Rose, A.A. et al. (2010) PLoS One 5, e12093.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Western Blot Buffer
IMPORTANT: For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% w/v BSA, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween® 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.
Applications Key
WB: Western Blotting IP: Immunoprecipitation IHC-P: Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
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