WB
H
Endogenous
70-80
Rabbit IgG
#Q9UM44
11148
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
Storage
Specificity / Sensitivity
Species Reactivity:
Human
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Asn101 of human HHLA2/B7-H7 protein.
Background
HERV-H LTR-associating protein 2 (HHLA2, with alternative names of B7-H5 and B7-H7) is a member of the B7 immunoglobulin superfamily (1). HHLA2 protein is constitutively expressed on the surface of human monocytes and is induced on B cells after stimulation with LPS and IFN-γ (1,2). Through interaction with TMIGD2, which is constitutively expressed on all naïve T cells and the majority of natural killer cells, but not on T regulatory cells or B cells, HHLA2 co-stimulates T cells in the context of TCR-mediated activation, enhancing T cell proliferation and cytokine production via an AKT-dependent signaling cascade (2). Contrary to this, HHLA2 has also been shown to inhibit T cell proliferation and cytokine production, suggesting a secondary receptor for HHLA2 that is expressed on activated T cells with co-inhibitory functions (3). Moreover, HHLA2 has been shown to be highly expressed in various types of cancer, and is associated with a poor prognosis (4-10). Further understanding the immunologic functions of the HHLA2 pathway will guide the selection of agents used for cancer immunotherapy, autoimmune disorders, infection, and transplant rejection.
- Mager, D.L. et al. (1999) Genomics 59, 255-63.
- Zhu, Y. et al. (2013) Nat Commun 4, 2043.
- Zhao, R. et al. (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110, 9879-84.
- Janakiram, M. et al. (2015) Clin Cancer Res 21, 2359-66.
- Koirala, P. et al. (2016) Sci Rep 6, 31154.
- Cheng, H. et al. (2017) Clin Cancer Res 23, 825-32.
- Cheng, H. et al. (2018) Clin Cancer Res 24, 1954-64.
- Zhu, Z. and Dong, W. (2018) Onco Targets Ther 11, 1563-70.
- Shimonosono, M. et al. (2018) Oncotarget 9, 22069-78.
- Chen, D. et al. (2018) J Med Genet 56, 43-49.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Western Blot Buffer
IMPORTANT: For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% w/v BSA, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween® 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.
Applications Key
WB: Western Blotting
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
Trademarks and Patents
Limited Uses
Except as otherwise expressly agreed in a writing signed by a legally authorized representative of CST, the following terms apply to Products provided by CST, its affiliates or its distributors. Any Customer's terms and conditions that are in addition to, or different from, those contained herein, unless separately accepted in writing by a legally authorized representative of CST, are rejected and are of no force or effect.
Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.