Human Immune Cell Phenotyping IHC Antibody Sampler Kit #62714

Kit Usage Information

Protocols

• 4545: Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Immunofluorescence*, Flow
• 45581: Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry (Leica® Bond™), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Immunofluorescence*
• 49420: Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry (Leica® Bond™), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
• 70306: Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
• 76437: Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Immunofluorescence*, Flow, Flow Cytometry Live Cell Unconjugated Rabbit
• 85061: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Agarose), Immunohistochemistry (Leica® Bond™), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
• 90176: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Agarose), Immunohistochemistry (Leica® Bond™), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Flow
• 98377: Immunohistochemistry (Leica® Bond™), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
• 99746: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Agarose), Immunohistochemistry (Leica® Bond™), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Immunofluorescence, Immunofluorescence, Flow

Product Description

The Human Immune Cell Phenotyping IHC Antibody Sampler Kit provides an economical means of detecting the accumulation of immune cell types in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples.

Specificity / Sensitivity

Each antibody included in the Human Immune Cell Phenotyping IHC Antibody Sampler Kit recognizes endogenous levels of its target human protein. CD11c (D3V1E) XP^® Rabbit mAb does not cross-react with CD11b. Pan-Keratin (C11) Mouse mAb detects endogenous levels of total keratin 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, and 18. Pan-Keratin (C11) Mouse mAb does not cross-react with other keratins.

Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with synthetic peptides corresponding to residues surrounding Glu178 of human CD3ε protein, Leu427 of human CD19 protein, Pro799 of human NCAM1/CD56 protein, near the carboxy terminus of human CD8 protein, or with recombinant protein specific to human FoxP3, human CD68, human CD11c, or the amino terminus of human CD11b/ITGAM protein. Pan-Keratin (C11) Mouse mAb (isotype: IgG1) is produced by immunizing a BALB/c mouse with a cytoskeleton preparation from A431 cells.

Background

Cluster of Differentiation 3 (CD3) is a multiunit protein complex expressed on the surface of T cells that directly associates with the T cell receptor (TCR). CD3 is composed of four polypeptides: ζ, γ, ε and δ. Engagement of the TCR complex with antigens presented in Major Histocompatibility Complexes (MHC) induces tyrosine phosphorylation in the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) of CD3 proteins. CD3 phosphorylation is required for downstream signaling through ZAP-70 and p85 subunit of PI-3 kinase, leading to T cell activation, proliferation, and effector functions (1). CD8 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed primarily on cytotoxic T cells, but has also been described on a subset of dendritic cells in mice (2,3). On T cells, CD8 is a co-receptor for the TCR, and these two distinct structures are required to recognize antigen bound to MHC Class I. CD8 ensures specificity of the TCR–antigen interaction, prolongs the contact between the T cell and the antigen presenting cell, and recruits the tyrosine kinase Lck, which is essential for T cell activation (2). Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) is crucial for the development of T cells with immunosuppressive regulatory properties and is a well-established marker for CD4⁺ T regulatory cells (Tregs) (4). Cluster of differentiation molecule 11b (CD11b)/Integrin alpha M (ITGAM) is a transmembrane protein forming heterodimers that are composed of α and β subunits (5). CD11b is expressed by, and commonly used as a marker for, myeloid lineage cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and microglia (6). CD68 (macrosialin) is a heavily glycosylated transmembrane protein that is expressed by and commonly used as a marker for monocytes and macrophages (7,8). It is found on the plasma membrane, as well as endosomal and lysosomal membranes (7-9). CD11c (integrin αX, ITGAX) is a transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed by dendritic cells, and has also been observed on activated NK cells, subsets of B and T cells, monocytes, granulocytes, and some B cell malignancies including hairy cell leukemia (10,11). CD19 is a co-receptor expressed on B cells that amplifies the signaling cascade initiated by the B cell receptor (BCR) to induce activation. It is a biomarker of B lymphocyte development, lymphoma diagnosis, and can be utilized as a target for leukemia immunotherapies (12,13). NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule, CD56) is an adhesion glycoprotein with five extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains followed by two fibronectin type III repeats (14). CD56 and CD16 are commonly used to identify NK cells although some cells with the T cell markers CD3 and CD4 also express CD56 (15). Keratins (cytokeratins) are intermediate filament proteins that are mainly expressed in epithelial cells. Keratin heterodimers composed of an acidic keratin (or type I keratin, keratins 9 to 23) and a basic keratin (or type II keratin, keratins 1 to 8) assemble to form filaments (16,17). Keratin isoforms demonstrate tissue- and differentiation-specific profiles that make them useful as research biomarkers (16).

1. Kuhns, M.S. et al. (2006) Immunity 24, 133-9.
2. Zamoyska, R. (1994) Immunity 1, 243-6.
3. Shortman, K. and Heath, W.R. (2010) Immunol Rev 234, 18-31.
4. Ochs, H.D. et al. (2007) Immunol Res 38, 112-21.
5. Solovjov, D.A. et al. (2005) J Biol Chem 280, 1336-45.
6. Murray, P.J. and Wynn, T.A. (2011) Nat Rev Immunol 11, 723-37.
7. Rabinowitz, S.S. and Gordon, S. (1991) J Exp Med 174, 827-36.
8. Holness, C.L. and Simmons, D.L. (1993) Blood 81, 1607-13.
9. Ramprasad, M.P. et al. (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92, 9580-4.
10. Kohrgruber, N. et al. (1999) J Immunol 163, 3250-9.
11. Qualai, J. et al. (2016) PLoS One 11, e0154253.
12. Tedder, T.F. et al. (1997) Immunity 6, 107-18.
13. Scheuermann, R.H. and Racila, E. (1995) Leuk Lymphoma 18, 385-97.
14. Cunningham, B.A. et al. (1987) Science 236, 799-806.
15. Robertson, M.J. and Ritz, J. (1990) Blood 76, 2421-38.
16. Moll, R. et al. (1982) Cell 31, 11-24.
17. Chang, L. and Goldman, R.D. (2004) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 5, 601-13.

Pathways

Explore pathways related to this product.

Select Your Pathway Actin Dynamics B Cell Receptor Signaling GPCR Signaling to MAPKs Growth And Differentiation Control by MAPKs PI3K/Akt Signaling T Cell Receptor Signaling

Database Links

UniProt ID: P15391 , P07766 , P48668 , P13645 , P04259 , P05787 , P13646 , P11215 , P02538 , P20702 , P05783 , P13647 , P19013 , P01732 , P13591 , Q9BZS1 , P34810

Entrez-Gene Id: 930 , 916 , 286887 , 3858 , 3854 , 3856 , 3860 , 3684 , 3853 , 3687 , 3875 , 3852 , 3851 , 925 , 4684 , 50943 , 968

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