| Product Includes | Product # | Quantity | Mol. Wt | Isotype/Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SQSTM1/p62 (D5E2) Rabbit mAb | 8025 | 20 µl | 62 kDa | Rabbit IgG |
| NDP52 (D1E4A) Rabbit mAb | 60732 | 20 µl | 52, 60 kDa | Rabbit IgG |
| Optineurin (D2L8S) Rabbit mAb | 58981 | 20 µl | 75 kDa | Rabbit IgG |
| Parkin (Prk8) Mouse mAb | 4211 | 20 µl | 50 kDa | Mouse IgG2b |
| PINK1 (D8G3) Rabbit mAb | 6946 | 20 µl | 60, 50 kDa | Rabbit IgG |
| BNIP3 (D7U1T) Rabbit mAb | 44060 | 20 µl | 22-28, 50-55 kDa | Rabbit IgG |
| BNIP3L/Nix (D4R4B) Rabbit mAb | 12396 | 20 µl | 38, 76 kDa | Rabbit IgG |
| LC3B (D11) XP® Rabbit mAb | 3868 | 20 µl | 14, 16 kDa | Rabbit IgG |
| Phospho-Ubiquitin (Ser65) (E2J6T) Rabbit mAb | 62802 | 20 µl | Rabbit IgG | |
| Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody | 7074 | 100 µl | Goat |
Please visit cellsignal.com for individual component applications, species cross-reactivity, dilutions, protocols, and additional product information.
Description
The Mitophagy Antibody Sampler Kit provides an economical means of detecting proteins involved in the process of mitophagy. The kit includes enough primary antibody to perform two western blot experiments with each primary antibody.
Storage
Background
Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosome-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents (1, 2). Selective autophagy targets the degradation of distinct sets of substrates and organelles (3-5). One of the best studied examples of selective autophagy involves the clearance of damaged mitochondria through a process called mitophagy. Several pathways have been described for various contexts of mitophagy, including the FUNDC1 pathway, the BNIP3 and BNIP3L/Nix pathway, and the PINK1/Parkin pathway. FUNDC1 is a mitochondrial protein that is phosphorylated by the autophagy kinase ULK1 and regulates hypoxia induced mitophagy (6, 7). BNIP3L/Nix and BNIP3 are members of the Bcl-2 family of apoptosis regulators that are expressed on mitochondria, induced by hypoxia, and have been shown to play a role in mitophagy (8). BNIP3L/Nix is also important in the autophagic maturation of erythroid cells (9). FUNDC1, BNIP3 and BNIP3L/Nix bind to LC3 family members, targeting the mitochondria to the autophagosome.
Non-hypoxic induction of mitophagy can be regulated by the PINK1/Parkin pathway, which plays causative roles in neurodegenerative disease, most notably Parkinson’s disease (10, 11). PINK1 is a mitochondrial serine/threonine kinase that is stabilized on the outer mitochondrial membrane of damaged mitochondria. Substrates of PINK1 include the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin and ubiquitin itself (12-14). Phosphorylation of Parkin as well as binding to phosphorylated ubiquitin leads to accumulation of ubiquitinated chains on multiple mitochondrial proteins. Ubiquitinated proteins are recognized by selective cargo receptors including SQSTM1/p62, Optineurin, and NDP52 (15-16). Autophagy cargo receptors contain an LC3-interacting region (LIR) required for binding to Atg8/LC3 family members and targeting to the autophagosome (3).
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- Birgisdottir, Å.B. et al. (2013) J Cell Sci 126, 3237-47.
- Xu, Z. et al. (2015) Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 47, 571-80.
- Mancias, J.D. and Kimmelman, A.C. (2016) J Mol Biol 428, 1659-80.
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- Wu, W. et al. (2014) EMBO Rep 15, 566-75.
- Sowter, H.M. et al. (2001) Cancer Res 61, 6669-73.
- Sandoval, H. et al. (2008) Nature 454, 232-5.
- Kitada, T. et al. (1998) Nature 392, 605-8.
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- Kim, Y. et al. (2008) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 377, 975-80.
- Kane, L.A. et al. (2014) J Cell Biol 205, 143-53.
- Koyano, F. et al. (2014) Nature 510, 162-6.
- Heo, J.M. et al. (2015) Mol Cell 60, 7-20.
- Lazarou, M. et al. (2015) Nature 524, 309-314.
Background References
Trademarks and Patents
Limited Uses
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