WB, IP
H
Endogenous
76
Rabbit IgG
#Q9Y2J8
11240
Product Information
Product Usage Information
Application | Dilution |
---|---|
Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
Immunoprecipitation | 1:50 |
Storage
Specificity / Sensitivity
Species Reactivity:
Human
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Gly375 of human PADI2 protein.
Background
Peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD) proteins are a family of Ca2+-dependent enzymes that catalyze the post-translational conversion of arginine to citrulline. There are currently five known PAD isozymes in humans, referred to as PADI1-4 and PADI6 (1). Among these isozymes, peptidyl arginine deiminase type 2 (PADI2) is the most widely expressed, being found in skeletal muscle, brain, colon, breast, macrophages, spleen, and spinal cord tissue, among others (1,2). In normal mouse development, PADI2 expression levels are elevated from 18 days to 2 months of age, and gradually decrease from 3 months onward (3). Some of the most well studied PADI2 substrates include vimentin, actin, myelin basic protein (MBP), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and histones (4). PADI2-mediated citrullination has been shown to be involved in neurodegeneration and inflammatory response-associated diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis (5). Excessive PAD-mediated deimination of MBP is believed to be a major contributor to MS disease progression, while elevated levels of citrullinated GFAP and vimentin proteins have been found in the brains of AD patients (2,4). PADI2 has also been found to play a role in the progression of several types of cancers, including colorectal, breast, and prostate (5-7).
- Jones, J.E. et al. (2009) Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel 12, 616-27.
- Alghamdi, M. et al. (2019) J Immunol Res 2019, 7592851.
- Jang, B. (2013) et al. Prion 7, 42-6.
- Witalison, E.E. et al. (2015) Curr Drug Targets 16, 700-10.
- Wang, L. et al. (2017) Cancer Res 77, 5755-68.
- Cantariño, N. et al. (2016) Mol Cancer Res 14, 841-8.
- Wang, H. et al. (2016) Cancer Cell Int 16, 61.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Western Blot Buffer
IMPORTANT: For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% w/v nonfat dry milk, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween® 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.
Applications Key
WB: Western Blotting IP: Immunoprecipitation
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
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