WB, IHC-P, IF-IC, FC-FP
H M R Mk
Endogenous
46-58
Mouse IgG1
#P48668, #P13645, #P04259, #P05787, #P13646, #P02538, #P05783, #P13647, #P19013
286887, 3858, 3854, 3856, 3860, 3853, 3875, 3852, 3851
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
| Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) | 1:500 - 1:2000 |
| Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry) | 1:100 - 1:400 |
| Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized) | 1:200 - 1:800 |
Storage
For a carrier free (BSA and azide free) version of this product see product #17171.
Specificity / Sensitivity
Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody (isotype: IgG1) is produced by immunizing a BALB/c mouse with a cytoskeleton preparation from A-431 cells.
Background
Keratins (cytokeratins) are intermediate filament proteins that are mainly expressed in epithelial cells. Keratin heterodimers composed of an acidic keratin (or type I keratin, keratins K9-K28) and a basic keratin (or type II keratin, keratins K1-K8 and K71-K80) assemble to form filaments. Keratin isoforms demonstrate tissue- and differentiation-specific profiles that make them useful as research and clinical biomarkers (1,2).
Dysregulation/mutations in keratin genes can lead to a variety of disorders affecting the skin, hair, nails, and other epithelial tissues (3). While expression of keratins can be variable, immunohistochemical staining of keratins is widely used to help in the identification and classification of epithelial tumors, and may also provide prognostic information.
Keratins 8 and 18 (K8/K18) are expressed in simple epithelia of normal tissue, as well as in adenocarcinomas of the breast, lung, ovary, and gastrointestinal tract. Keratin 17 is expressed in basal keratinocytes of stratified epithelia, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands. Onset of keratin 17 expression coincides with the definition of major epithelial lineages during skin development (4). Keratin 14 (K14) is expressed in basal cells of stratified epithelia, and in basal-like subtypes of breast cancer and squamous cell carcinomas. Keratin 19 (K19) is expressed in glandular epithelia, including the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, as well as in adenocarcinomas of the breast, thyroid, and bile duct. Keratin 20 (K20) is expressed in gastrointestinal epithelium, urothelium, and Merkel cells in the skin, as well as in colorectal carcinomas and some urothelial carcinomas. Keratin 5/6 (K5/6) is expressed in basal cells of stratified epithelia, including the skin, prostate, and breast, as well as in basal-like breast cancers, squamous cell carcinomas, and some lung carcinomas. Keratin 7 (K7) is expressed in glandular epithelia, such as those in the lung, breast, and female reproductive tract, as well as in adenocarcinomas of the lung, breast, and ovary (5,6).
Keratins, particularly K8, K18, and K19, serve as biomarkers for identification of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) (5).
Post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, glycosylation, and transamidation, have been shown to affect the functions of keratins in normal and disease states (6). Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these PTMs may provide insights into cancer pathogenesis.
- Chang, L. and Goldman, R.D. (2004) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 5, 601-13.
- Schweizer, J. et al. (2006) J Cell Biol 174, 169-74.
- Sarma, A. (2022) Int J Biol Macromol 219, 395-413.
- McGowan, K.M. and Coulombe, P.A. (1998) J Cell Biol 143, 469-86.
- Werner, S. et al. (2020) Mol Aspects Med 72, 100817.
- Dmello, C. et al. (2019) J Biosci 44, 33.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Western Blot Buffer
IMPORTANT: For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% w/v nonfat dry milk, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween® 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.
Applications Key
WB: Western Blotting IHC-P: Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) IF-IC: Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry) FC-FP: Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized)
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
Trademarks and Patents
Limited Uses
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