WB
H
Endogenous
70
Rabbit
#O95340
9060
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
Storage
Specificity / Sensitivity
Species Reactivity:
Human
Source / Purification
Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Pro567 of human PAPSS2 protein. Antibodies are purified by peptide affinity chromatography.
Background
PAPSS2 is a bifunctional enzyme with both ATP sulfurylase and APS kinase activity, which mediates two reactions to generate 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), a critical intermediate in the sulfate activation pathway. PAPS is the sulfate donor co-substrate for all sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes and is required to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many endogenous and exogenous compounds (1,2). Mutations in PAPSS2 lead to an autosomal recessive form of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) in humans (3), whereas mutant mice lacking PAPSS2 activity demonstrate defective postnatal skeletal development leading to premature joint degeneration and brachymorphism (4). In conjunction with SULT1E1, PAPSS2 and its paralogue PAPSS1 are responsible for sulfation and subsequent inactivation of estrogen in target tissues. Expression levels of PAPSS2 were found to be significantly higher in tumorous breast and endometrial tissues than in adjacent normal tissues, suggesting that targeting PAPSS2 could be an important approach for estrogen-dependent cancers (5). Additionally, PAPSS2 provides the universal sulfate donor PAPS to SULT2A1, which is responsible for sulfation of the crucial androgen precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (6). TGF-β signaling has been shown to regulate the expression of PAPSS2 via stabilization of SOX9 protein in mouse articular cartilage and bovine chondrocytes (7,8).
- Venkatachalam, K.V. (2003) IUBMB Life 55, 1-11.
- Xu, Z.H. et al. (2000) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 268, 437-44.
- Faiyaz ul Haque, M. et al. (1998) Nat Genet 20, 157-62.
- Ford-Hutchinson, A.F. et al. (2005) Osteoarthritis Cartilage 13, 418-25.
- Xu, Y. et al. (2012) Cancer Sci 103, 1000-9.
- Oostdijk, W. et al. (2015) J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100, E672-80.
- Ramaswamy, G. et al. (2012) Arthritis Res Ther 14, R49.
- Chavez, R.D. et al. (2017) Osteoarthritis Cartilage 25, 332-40.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Western Blot Buffer
IMPORTANT: For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% w/v nonfat dry milk, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween® 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.
Applications Key
WB: Western Blotting
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
Trademarks and Patents
Limited Uses
Except as otherwise expressly agreed in a writing signed by a legally authorized representative of CST, the following terms apply to Products provided by CST, its affiliates or its distributors. Any Customer's terms and conditions that are in addition to, or different from, those contained herein, unless separately accepted in writing by a legally authorized representative of CST, are rejected and are of no force or effect.
Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.