WB, IP, IF-IC, FC-FP
H
Endogenous
26
Rabbit IgG
#P04183
7083
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
| Immunoprecipitation | 1:50 |
| Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry) | 1:50 - 1:200 |
| Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized) | 1:100 - 1:400 |
Storage
Specificity / Sensitivity
Species Reactivity:
Human
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Pro209 of human thymidine kinase 1 protein.
Background
Thymidine kinases play a critical role in generating the DNA synthetic precursor deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) by catalyzing the phosphotransfer of phosphate from ATP to deoxythymidine (dT) and thymidine (T) in the cell. There are two known thymidine kinases, cytoplasmic thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) and mitochondrial thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) (1,2). Unlike TK2, which is not modulated by the cell cycle, TK1 expression and activity is regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner, accumulating during G1-phase to peak levels in S-phase before being degraded prior to cell division (3,4). Stability, but not activity, may be regulated via phosphorylation of TK1 at Ser13 by Cdc2 and/or Cdk2, but the precise mode of regulation remains elusive (5). These observations indicate that TK1 might be a useful marker of cell proliferation; however, recent studies have shown that TK1 plays a more significant role in the DNA damage response (6). Genotoxic stress promotes increased TK1 expression and kinase activity resulting in reduced cellular apoptosis and enhanced DNA repair efficiency (6). More importantly, numerous studies show that TK1 expression and activity are upregulated during neoplasia and disease progression in humans, and increased serum levels of TK1 correlate with poor prognosis and decreased survival in patients with various types of advanced tumors (7-12).
- Aufderklamm, S. et al. (2012) Cancer Lett 316, 6-10.
- Munch-Petersen, B. (2010) Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 29, 363-9.
- Bello, L.J. (1974) Exp Cell Res 89, 263-74.
- Littlefield, J.W. (1966) Biochim Biophys Acta 114, 398-403.
- Chang, Z.F. et al. (1998) J Biol Chem 273, 12095-100.
- Chen, Y.L. et al. (2010) J Biol Chem 285, 27327-35.
- Hannigan, B.M. et al. (1993) Cancer Biother 8, 189-97.
- Pan, Z.L. et al. (2010) J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 136, 1193-9.
- Chen, Y. et al. (2010) Int J Clin Oncol 15, 359-68.
- Konoplev, S.N. et al. (2010) Am J Clin Pathol 134, 472-7.
- Xu, Y. et al. (2012) Tumour Biol 33, 475-83.
- Alegre, M.M. et al. (2012) J Oncol 2012, 575647.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Western Blot Buffer
IMPORTANT: For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% w/v BSA, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween® 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.
Applications Key
WB: Western Blotting IP: Immunoprecipitation IF-IC: Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry) FC-FP: Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized)
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
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