Revision 3

#85493Store at -20C

1 Kit

(9 x 20 microliters)

Cell Signaling Technology

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Support: 877-678-TECH (8324)

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For Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures.
Product Includes Product # Quantity Mol. Wt Isotype/Source
Phospho-Atg14 (Ser29) (D4B8M) Rabbit mAb 92340 20 µl 65 kDa Rabbit IgG
Atg14 (D1A1N) Rabbit mAb 96752 20 µl 65 kDa Rabbit IgG
Phospho-Beclin-1 (Ser15) (D4B7R) Rabbit mAb 84966 20 µl 60 kDa Rabbit IgG
Beclin-1 (D40C5) Rabbit mAb 3495 20 µl 60 kDa Rabbit IgG
Phospho-Atg13 (Ser355) (D6J1W) Rabbit mAb 26839 20 µl 72 kDa Rabbit IgG
Atg13 (D4P1K) Rabbit mAb 13273 20 µl 72 kDa Rabbit IgG
ULK1 (D8H5) Rabbit mAb 8054 20 µl 150 kDa Rabbit IgG
Phospho-ULK1 (Ser757) (D7O6U) Rabbit mAb 14202 20 µl 140-150 kDa Rabbit IgG
Phospho-ULK1 (Ser555) (D1H4) Rabbit mAb 5869 20 µl 140-150 kDa Rabbit IgG
Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody 7074 100 µl Goat 

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Description

The ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit provides an economical means of detecting the activity of ULK1 using phospho-specific and control antibodies. The kit includes enough antibody to perform two western blot experiments with each primary antibody.

Storage

Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02% sodium azide. Store at –20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody.

Background

Two related serine/threonine kinases, UNC-51-like kinase 1 and 2 (ULK1, ULK2), were discovered as mammalian homologs of the C. elegans gene unc-51 in which mutants exhibited abnormal axonal extension and growth (1-4). Both proteins are widely expressed and contain an amino-terminal kinase domain followed by a central proline/serine rich domain and a highly conserved carboxy-terminal domain. The roles of ULK1 and ULK2 in axon growth have been linked to studies showing that the kinases are localized to neuronal growth cones and are involved in endocytosis of critical growth factors, such as NGF (5). Yeast two-hybrid studies found ULK1/2 associated with modulators of the endocytic pathway, SynGAP, and syntenin (6). Structural similarity of ULK1/2 has also been recognized with the yeast autophagy protein Atg1/Apg1 (7). Knockdown experiments using siRNA demonstrated that ULK1 is essential for autophagy (8), a catabolic process for the degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents (9,10). It appears that Atg1/ULK1 can act as a convergence point for multiple signals that control autophagy (11), and can bind to several autophagy-related (Atg) proteins, regulating phosphorylation states and protein trafficking (12-16).~AMPK, activated during low nutrient conditions, directly phosphorylates ULK1 at multiple sites, including Ser317, Ser555, and Ser777 (17,18). Conversely, mTOR, which is a regulator of cell growth and is an inhibitor of autophagy, phosphorylates ULK1 at Ser757 and disrupts the interaction between ULK1 and AMPK (17). ULK1 has been shown to phoshorylate several targets in the autophagy pathway, including Ser29 of Atg14, Ser15 of Beclin-1, and Ser355 of Atg13 (19-22).

  1. Ogura, K. et al. (1994) Genes Dev 8, 2389-400.
  2. Kuroyanagi, H. et al. (1998) Genomics 51, 76-85.
  3. Yan, J. et al. (1998) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 246, 222-7.
  4. Yan, J. et al. (1999) Oncogene 18, 5850-9.
  5. Zhou, X. et al. (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104, 5842-7.
  6. Tomoda, T. et al. (2004) Genes Dev 18, 541-58.
  7. Matsuura, A. et al. (1997) Gene 192, 245-50.
  8. Chan, E.Y. et al. (2007) J Biol Chem 282, 25464-74.
  9. Reggiori, F. and Klionsky, D.J. (2002) Eukaryot Cell 1, 11-21.
  10. Codogno, P. and Meijer, A.J. (2005) Cell Death Differ 12 Suppl 2, 1509-18.
  11. Stephan, J.S. and Herman, P.K. (2006) Autophagy 2, 146-8.
  12. Okazaki, N. et al. (2000) Brain Res Mol Brain Res 85, 1-12.
  13. Young, A.R. et al. (2006) J Cell Sci 119, 3888-900.
  14. Kamada, Y. et al. (2000) J Cell Biol 150, 1507-13.
  15. Lee, S.B. et al. (2007) EMBO Rep 8, 360-5.
  16. Hara, T. et al. (2008) J Cell Biol 181, 497-510.
  17. Kim, J. et al. (2011) Nat Cell Biol 13, 132-41.
  18. Egan, D.F. et al. (2011) Science 331, 456-61.
  19. Park, J.M. et al. (2016) Autophagy 12, 547-64.
  20. Russell, R.C. et al. (2013) Nat Cell Biol 15, 741-50.
  21. Joo, J.H. et al. (2011) Mol Cell 43, 572-85.
  22. Egan, D.F. et al. (2015) Mol Cell 59, 285-97.

Background References

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    Orders: 877-616-CELL (2355)•[email protected]• Support: 877-678-TECH (8324)•[email protected]• Web: cellsignal.com
    For Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures.
    Revision 3
    #85493

    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit

    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 1 Expand Image
    Immunoprecipitation of ULK1 from MCF7 cell extracts. Lane 1 is 10% input, lane 2 is precipitated with Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control #3900, and lane 3 is ULK1 (D8H5) Rabbit mAb, #8054. Western blot was performed using ULK1 (D8H5) Rabbit mAb.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 2 Expand Image
    Simple Western™ analysis of lysates (0.1 mg/mL) from RD cells using ULK1 (D8H5) Rabbit mAb #8054. The virtual lane view (left) shows a single target band (as indicated) at 1:50 and 1:250 dilutions of primary antibody. The corresponding electropherogram view (right) plots chemiluminescence by molecular weight along the capillary at 1:50 (blue line) and 1:250 (green line) dilutions of primary antibody. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions on the Jess™ Simple Western instrument from ProteinSimple, a BioTechne brand, using the 12-230 kDa separation module.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 3 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from RD, PANC-1, and A20 cells using Atg13 (D4P1K) Rabbit mAb.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 4 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extract from A172 cells, untreated (-) or treated with mTOR inhibitors, either Torin-1 (250 nM, 5 hrs), Torin-2 (250 nM, 5 hrs), or INK128 (250 nM, 5 hours) using Phospho-ULK1 (Ser757) (D7O6U) Rabbit mAb (upper) or ULK1 (D8H5) Rabbit mAb #8054 (lower).
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 5 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from 293T cells, mock transfected (-) or transfected with a construct expressing Myc/DDK-tagged full-length human Atg13 (hAtg13-Myc/DDK; +) or mouse ULK1 (mULK1; +), using Phospho-Atg13 (Ser355) (D6J1W) Rabbit mAb.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 6 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using Beclin-1 (D40C5) Rabbit mAb.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 7 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from control U-2 OS cells or CRISPR/Cas9 ULK1 knockout (KO) U-2 OS cells, untreated (-) or treated with AMPK Activator 991 (50 μM, 1 hr; +) using Phospho-ULK1 (Ser555) (D1H4) Rabbit mAb (upper), ULK1 (D8H5) Rabbit mAb #8054 (middle), or GAPDH (D16H11) XP® Rabbit mAb #5174 (lower). The absence of signal in ULK1 KO cells confirms the specificity of the antibodies for ULK1. ULK1 knockout cells were kindly provided by Dr. Reuben Shaw, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 8 Expand Image
    After the primary antibody is bound to the target protein, a complex with HRP-linked secondary antibody is formed. The LumiGLO® is added and emits light during enzyme catalyzed decomposition.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 9 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from control U-2 OS cells or CRISPR/Cas9 ULK1 knockout (KO) U-2 OS cells, untreated (-) or treated with AMPK Activator 991 (50 μM, 1 hr; +) using ULK1 (D8H5) Rabbit mAb (upper), Phospho-ULK1 (Ser555) (D1H4) Rabbit mAb #5869 (middle), or GAPDH (D16H11) XP® Rabbit mAb #5174 (lower). The absence of signal in ULK1 KO cells confirms the specificity of the antibodies for ULK1.ULK1 knockout cells were kindly provided by Dr. Reuben Shaw, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 10 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from 293T cells, mock transfected (-) or transfected with constructs expressing full-length human Beclin-1 protein (hBeclin-1; +), mouse Beclin-1 protein (mBeclin-1; +), or mouse ULK1 protein (mULK1; +), using Phospho-Beclin-1 (Ser15) (D4B7R) Rabbit mAb (upper), Beclin-1 (D40C5) Rabbit mAb #3495 (middle) or β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb #8457 (lower).
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 11 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from 293T cells, mock transfected (-) or transfected with constructs expressing GFP-tagged human Atg14 protein (hAtg14-GFP; +) or mouse ULK1 protein (mULK1; +), using Phospho-Atg14 (Ser29) (D4B8M) Rabbit mAb (upper), Atg14 (D1A1N) Rabbit mAb (middle), or β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb #8457 (lower).
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 12 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from HCT 116 and HCT 116/Atg14 shRNA knockout cells using Atg14 (D1A1N) Rabbit mAb (upper) and β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb #84576 (lower). HCT 116/Atg14 shRNA cells were kindly provided by Dr. Do-Hyung Kim, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 13 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from 293T cells, mock transfected (-) or transfected with a construct expressing Myc/DDK-tagged full-length human Atg13 (hAtg13-Myc/DDK; +), using Atg13 (D4P1K) Rabbit mAb (upper) or Myc-Tag (71D10) Rabbit mAb #2278 (lower).
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 14 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using Phospho-ULK1 (Ser757) (D7O6U) Rabbit mAb.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 15 Expand Image
    Immunoprecipitation of Phospho-Atg13 (Ser355) from extracts of PANC-1 cells starved with Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) (2 hr). Lane 1 is 10% input, lane 2 is Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control #3900, and lane 3 is Phospho-Atg13 (Ser355) (D6J1W) Rabbit mAb. Western blot was performed using Phospho-Atg13 (Ser355) (D6J1W) Rabbit mAb.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 16 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa cells, transfected with 100 nM SignalSilence® Control siRNA (Unconjugated) #6568 (-), SignalSilence® Beclin-1 siRNA I #6222 (+) or SignalSilence® Beclin-1 siRNA II (+), using Beclin-1 (D40C5) XP® Rabbit mAb #3495 (upper) or α-Tubulin (11H10) Rabbit mAb #2125 (lower). The Beclin-1 (D40C5) XP® Rabbit mAb confirms silencing of Beclin-1 expression, while the α-Tubulin (11H10) Rabbit mAb is used to control for loading and specificity of Beclin-1 siRNA.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 17 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from MCF7 cells, untreated or treated with oligomycin #9996 (0.5 μM, 30 minutes), and C2C12 cells, untreated or treated with hydrogen peroxide (10 mM, 5 minutes), using Phospho-ULK1 (Ser555) (D1H4) Rabbit mAb.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 18 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using ULK1 (D8H5) Rabbit mAb.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 19 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from HCT 116 and HCT 116/Atg14 shRNA knockout cells, untreated (-) or starved using Earle's Balanced Salt Solution (EBSS, 2 hr; +) and the ULK1 inhibitor SBI-0206965 #29089 (50 μM, 2 hr; +) as indicated, using Phospho-Atg14 (Ser29) (D4B8M) Rabbit mAb (upper), Atg14 (D1A1N) Rabbit mAb #96752 (middle), or β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb (lower). HCT 116/Atg14 shRNA knockout cells were kindly provided by Dr. Do-Hyung Kim, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 20 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using Atg14 (D1A1N) Rabbit mAb.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 21 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa cells, transfected with 100 nM SignalSilence® Control siRNA (Unconjugated) #6568 (-) or SignalSilence® Atg13 siRNA I #12043 (+), using Atg13 (D4P1K) Rabbit mAb (upper) or β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb #8457 (lower). The Atg13 (D4P1K) Rabbit mAb confirms silencing of Atg13 expression, while the β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb is used as a loading control.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 22 Expand Image
    Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of MCF7 cells, untreated (left), untreated and post-processed with λ-phosphatase (center) or treated with Torin 1 #14379 (250 nM, 5 hr; right), using Phospho-ULK1 (Ser757) (D7O6U) Rabbit mAb. Blue = Hoechst 33342 #4082 (fluorescent DNA dye).
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 23 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from MCF7 cells, untreated or treated with oligomycin #9996 (0.5 µM, 30 minutes), using Phospho-ULK1 (Ser555) (D1H4) Rabbit mAb (left). Phospho-specificity is demonstrated by pre-incubating the antibody with phosphorylated (middle) or non-phosphorylated peptides (right) against a region surrounding Ser555 of ULK1.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 24 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from wild-type MEF and ULK1 (-/-) MEF cells using ULK1 (D8H5) Rabbit mAb (upper) and β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb #8457 (lower). MEF cells were kindly provided by Dr. Reuben Shaw (Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA).
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 25 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from HCT 116 cells, untreated (-) or treated with lambda-phosphatase and calf intestinal phosphatase (λ-phosphatase/CIP; +), using Phospho-Atg14 (Ser29) (D4B8M) Rabbit mAb (upper), Atg14 (D1A1N) Rabbit mAb #96752 (middle), and β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb #8457 (lower).
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 26 Expand Image
    Immunoprecipitation of Atg13 from RD cell extracts using Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype control #3900 (lane 2) or Atg13 (D4P1K) Rabbit mAb (lane 3). Lane 1 is 10% input. Western blot analysis was performed using Atg13 (D4P1K) Rabbit mAb.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 27 Expand Image
    Flow cytometric analysis of SCLC-21H cells, treated with Torin 1 #14379 (250 nM, 2 hr; blue) or untreated (green) using Phospho-ULK1 (Ser757) (D7O6U) Rabbit mAb (solid lines) or concentration-matched Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control #3900 (dashed lines). Anti-rabbit IgG (H+L), F(ab')2 Fragment (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate) #4412 was used as a secondary antibody.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 28 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from MCF7 cells, untreated (-) or treated with carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) (100 μM, 2 hr; +), using Phospho-ULK1 (Ser555) (D1H4) Rabbit mAb (upper) or ULK1 (D8H5) Rabbit mAb #8054 (lower).
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 29 Expand Image
    Western blot analysis of extracts from Saos-2 cells, untreated (-) or starved using Earle's Balanced Salt Solution (EBSS, 2 hr), using Phospho-Atg14 (Ser29) (D4B8M) Rabbit mAb (upper), Atg14 (D1A1N) Rabbit mAb #96752 (middle), and β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb #8457 (lower).
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 30 Expand Image
    Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of HCT 116 Atg14 wild-type cells, untreated (left, low-expressing) or treated with Torin 1 #14379 (250 nM, 2 hr; middle-left, high-expressing), HCT 116/Atg14 shRNA knockout cells treated with Torin 1 (middle-right, negative), or HCT 116 Atg14 wild-type cells post-processed with λ-phosphatase (2 hr; right, negative), using Phospho-Atg14 (Ser29) (D4B8M) Rabbit mAb (green). Samples were mounted in ProLong® Gold Antifade Reagent with DAPI #8961 (blue). HCT 116/Atg14 shRNA knockout cells were kindly provided by Dr. Do-Hyung Kim, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 31 Expand Image
    Flow cytometric analysis of HCT 116/Atg14 shRNA knockout cells treated with Torin 1 #14379 (250 nM, 18 hr; blue, lower-expressing) and HCT 116 wild-type cells treated with Torin 1 (green, higher-expressing) using Phospho-Atg14 (Ser29) (D4B8M) Rabbit mAb (solid lines) or a concentration-matched Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control #3900 (dashed lines). Anti-rabbit IgG (H+L), F(ab')2 Fragment (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate) #4412 was used as a secondary antibody. HCT 116/Atg14 shRNA knockout cells were kindly provided by Dr. Do-Hyung Kim, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
    ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 32 Expand Image
    Immunoprecipitation of Atg14 from Neuro2A cell extracts. Lane 1 is 10% input, lane 2 is precipitated with Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control #3900, and lane 3 is Atg14 (D1A1N) Rabbit mAb. Western blot was performed using Atg14 (D1A1N) Rabbit mAb.
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    Orders: 877-616-CELL (2355)•[email protected]• Support: 877-678-TECH (8324)•[email protected]• Web: cellsignal.com
    For Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures.