#O75385
8408
Product Information
Product Usage Information
CST recommends transfection with 100 nM SignalSilence® ULK1 siRNA I 48 to 72 hours prior to cell lysis. For transfection procedure, follow protocol provided by the transfection reagent manufacturer. Please feel free to contact CST with any questions on use.
Each vial contains the equivalent of 100 transfections, which corresponds to a final siRNA concentration of 100 nM per transfection in a 24-well plate with a total volume of 300 μl per well.
Storage
Specificity / Sensitivity
Species Reactivity:
Human
Species predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology
The antigen sequence used to produce this antibody shares
100% sequence homology with the species listed here, but
reactivity has not been tested or confirmed to work by CST.
Use of this product with these species is not covered under
our
Product Performance Guarantee.
Monkey
Product Description
Background
Two related serine/threonine kinases, UNC-51-like kinase 1 and 2 (ULK1, ULK2), were discovered as mammalian homologs of the C. elegans gene unc-51 in which mutants exhibited abnormal axonal extension and growth (1-4). Both proteins are widely expressed and contain an amino-terminal kinase domain followed by a central proline/serine rich domain and a highly conserved carboxy-terminal domain. The roles of ULK1 and ULK2 in axon growth have been linked to studies showing that the kinases are localized to neuronal growth cones and are involved in endocytosis of critical growth factors, such as NGF (5). Yeast two-hybrid studies found ULK1/2 associated with modulators of the endocytic pathway, SynGAP, and syntenin (6). Structural similarity of ULK1/2 has also been recognized with the yeast autophagy protein Atg1/Apg1 (7). Knockdown experiments using siRNA demonstrated that ULK1 is essential for autophagy (8), a catabolic process for the degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents (9,10). It appears that Atg1/ULK1 can act as a convergence point for multiple signals that control autophagy (11), and can bind to several autophagy-related (Atg) proteins, regulating phosphorylation states and protein trafficking (12-16).~AMPK, activated during low nutrient conditions, directly phosphorylates ULK1 at multiple sites including Ser317, Ser555, and Ser777 (17,18). Conversely, mTOR, which is a regulator of cell growth and an inhibitor of autophagy, phosphorylates ULK1 at Ser757 and disrupts the interaction between ULK1 and AMPK (17).
- Ogura, K. et al. (1994) Genes Dev 8, 2389-400.
- Kuroyanagi, H. et al. (1998) Genomics 51, 76-85.
- Yan, J. et al. (1998) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 246, 222-7.
- Yan, J. et al. (1999) Oncogene 18, 5850-9.
- Zhou, X. et al. (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104, 5842-7.
- Tomoda, T. et al. (2004) Genes Dev 18, 541-58.
- Matsuura, A. et al. (1997) Gene 192, 245-50.
- Chan, E.Y. et al. (2007) J Biol Chem 282, 25464-74.
- Reggiori, F. and Klionsky, D.J. (2002) Eukaryot Cell 1, 11-21.
- Codogno, P. and Meijer, A.J. (2005) Cell Death Differ 12 Suppl 2, 1509-18.
- Stephan, J.S. and Herman, P.K. (2006) Autophagy 2, 146-8.
- Okazaki, N. et al. (2000) Brain Res Mol Brain Res 85, 1-12.
- Young, A.R. et al. (2006) J Cell Sci 119, 3888-900.
- Kamada, Y. et al. (2000) J Cell Biol 150, 1507-13.
- Lee, S.B. et al. (2007) EMBO Rep 8, 360-5.
- Hara, T. et al. (2008) J Cell Biol 181, 497-510.
- Kim, J. et al. (2011) Nat Cell Biol 13, 132-41.
- Egan, D.F. et al. (2011) Science 331, 456-61.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
Trademarks and Patents
Limited Uses
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