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How does the specificity of the F(ab’)2 fragments differ from the corresponding full-length monoclonal antibodies?

Since the paratopes of the antibody fragments are identical to that of the corresponding full-length monoclonal antibodies, their specificity for scFv linkers remains unchanged. However, the abs...

What isoforms does the ZBP1 Antibody #60968 recognize?

ZBP1 (Z-DNA binding protein 1), also referred to as DAI (DNA-dependent activator of IFN-regulatory factors) and DLM-1, is a nucleotide-binding protein that plays a role in tumorigenesis and innate imm...

Why can't spike-in DNA be used in CUT&Tag assays?

Tagmentation takes place within the nuclei. To minimize non-specific background, any excess Tn5 enzyme is washed away prior to activation. Similarly, spike-in DNA introduced into the reaction woul...

Will the Non-phospho (Active) YAP (Ser127) (E6U8Z) Rabbit mAb #29495 cross-react with TAZ?

YAP and TAZ are co-expressed abundantly in every cell line that has been shown to be positive for either protein, and likewise, they are negative/low in the same cell lines (essentially, they appear t...

Can the Phospho-β-Catenin (Ser33/37) Antibody #2009 bind if the sites are singly phosphorylated or is the phosphorylation at both sites necessary?

We have tested the reactivity of the Phospho-β-Catenin (Ser33/37) Antibody #2009 to Ser33/37 by peptide dot blot. This antibody showed strong signal when phosphorylated at Ser37 alone and when phospho...

Will particulates in the protein substrate tubes of the GTPase kits negatively affect the results of the assay?

It is not uncommon to see particulates in the protein substrate tubes provided with the GTPase kits. After extensive testing, we have found that these are not a cause for concern. We recommend briefly...

Do you have mouse-reactive antibodies available for SignalStar™ Multiplex IHC?

Yes, please select “Mouse” in the first step of the SignalStar Multiplex IHC Panel Builder ...

When using the SimpleChIP® Enzymatic and SimpleChIP® Plus Enzymatic Chromatin IP Kits, how does the micrococcal nuclease access the DNA?

When using the SimpleChIP® and SimpleChIP® Plus Enzymatic Chromatin IP Kits (#9002, #9003, #9004 and #9005), the Buffer A solution will permeabilize the cells using SDS. Once the cells are porous, the...

Can I combine antibodies used in a SignalStar™ assay with direct conjugates?

SignalStar Multiplex IHC kits and reagents have been validated for use in combination with direct conjugates. The SignalStar™ Fluorescence Removal Kit 

I generated my lysate in "X" buffer. Will it still work with your ELISA kit?

We recommend using the lysis buffer provided with your ELISA kit. Our ELISA kits include one of two lysis buffers, either Cell Lysis Buffer 10X) (#9803 or PathScan Sandwich ELISA Lysis Buffer (1X) #70...

My items say to store at -20°c but they were shipped in an envelope. Is it ok to use?

Yes, it is safe to use these items. Since 2003, CST has been shipping antibodies at room temperature when possible to reduce waste from packing materials. All CST antibodies are stability tested by ex...

Can anti-rabbit or anti-mouse IgG HRP- or AP-linked secondary antibodies be used for IHC?

We have not attempted staining using Anti-rabbit IgG HRP-linked Antibody #7074, Anti-mouse IgG HRP-linked Antibody #7076, Anti-rabbit IgG AP-linked Antibody #7054 or Anti-mouse IgG AP-linked Antibody ...

What is the best way to choose an antibody for my CUT&RUN assay if I cannot find a CUT&RUN validated antibody for my target protein?

When selecting an antibody for use in CUT&RUN, we recommend starting with a ChIP or ChIP-seq-validated antibody; however, we have found that not all ChIP-validated antibodies work in the CUT&am...

Why does your ROBO2 (E4M6D) Rabbit mAb #45568 detect 2 bands by western blot?

We see two bands migrating at 180 and 220 kDa in both endogenous and over-expressed lysates. We suspect these are differentially glycosylated forms of ROBO2 (UniProt ID Q9HCK4; https://www.uniprot.org...

What is an appropriate positive control to include in this SignalStar™ assay? Are multiple controls necessary?

Any tissue shown to be positive for each marker via chromogenic IHC can serve as a positive control tissue for a SignalStar™ assay. Each target will therefore require a positive control, which may som...

Can I use RIPA Buffer (10X) #9806 as a replacement buffer for the Lysis/Binding/Wash Buffer #11524 in the GTPase kits?

We do not recommend using RIPA Buffer (10X) #9806 as a replacement buffer for Lysis/Binding/Wash Buffer #11524 in our GTPase Detection Kits. The RIPA buffer contains sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), whic...

How long after the completion of staining can I wait to image my slides when performing a SignalStar™ Multiplex IHC assay?

For Imaging Round 1, the staining should show robust signal when imaged up to 8 hours post completion of staining. For Imaging Round 2, imaging should be performed as close to the completion of staini...

Do you have human-reactive antibodies available for SignalStar™ Multiplex IHC?

Yes, please select “Human” in the first step of the SignalStar Multiplex IHC Panel Builder ...

I don’t see my target of interest in your menu of available antibodies for SignalStar™ Multiplex IHC. Can I still use it in my panel in some way?

SignalStar Multiplex IHC kits and reagents haven’t yet been validated for use with antibodies outside of our menu. We’re in the process of developing cust...

Why do I need to use the three buffers in the Cell Fractionation Kit #9038?

Each buffer in the Cell Fractionation Kit #9038 contains detergents to help isolate different cellular fractions. The Cytoplasmic Isolation Buffer (CIB) contains a non-ionic detergent used as a cell p...

Can you provide data that confirms the specificity of your Raptor (24C12) Rabbit mAb #2280?

The specificity of our Raptor (24C12) Rabbit mAb #2280 has been confirmed by siRNA in the following papers:

PMID: 28648777 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28648777/) Figure 2B

PMID: 249...

Can I autoclave the 6-Tube Magnetic Separation Rack #7017?

No, these racks cannot be autoclaved. Exposing them to high autoclave temperatures may cause the magnets to lose their magnetism. Instead, we suggest submerging or spraying the rack with 10% bleach...

How are the SignalStar™ Multiplex IHC Kits & Reagents validated?

CST thoroughly validates each antibody available in the

How stable is the Senescence β-Galactosidase Staining Kit #9860 after multiple freeze/thaws?

We are confident that the Senescence β-Galactosidase Staining Kit #9860 will continue to perform as expected up to at least 3 freeze/thaw cycles. We recommend aliquoting your reagents into single use ...

Which phospho-Akt (Ser473) antibody do you suggest for Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry) (IF-IC) with human samples?

We have several antibodies for detecting the phosphorylation of Akt at Ser 473 that are validated for IF-IC with human samples. These include the following: