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42022
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit
Primary Antibodies
Antibody Sampler Kit
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Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit #42022

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Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 1
Western blot analysis of extracts from NIH/3T3 cells, untreated (-) or treated with Human Platelet-Derived Growth Factor AA (hPDGF-AA) #8913 (100 ng/ml, 5 min; +), and untreated (-) LNCaP and PC-3 cells, using Phospho-Akt (Thr308) (D25E6) XP® Rabbit mAb (upper) or Akt (pan) (C67E7) Rabbit mAb #4691 (lower).
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 2
Western blot analysis of extracts from Jurkat cells treated with either Calyculin A (#9902) or LY294002 (#9901), NIH3T3 and COS-7 cells using Phospho-FoxO1 (Thr24)/(FoxO3a (Thr32)/FoxO4 (Thr28) (4G6) Rabbit mAb to detect FoxO1, FoxO3a and FoxO4 when phosphorylated at the Thr24, Thr32, and Thr28 positions, respectively (left panel). Total FoxO1, FoxO3a and FoxO4 were detected using FoxO1 (C29H4) Rabbit mAb (#2880), FoxO3a (75D8) Rabbit mAb (#2497) and FoxO4 Antibody (#9472), respectively (right panel).
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 3
Western blot analysis of extracts from 3T3-L1 adipocytes, untreated or insulin-treated (100 nM for the indicated times), using Phospho-IGF-I Receptor β (Tyr1131)/Insulin Receptor β (Tyr1146) Antibody (upper) or control IR antibody (lower).
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 4
Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using Insulin Receptor β (4B8) Rabbit mAb.
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 5
Western blot analysis of extracts from NIH/3T3 cells, untreated, PDGF-treated, and PDGF and wortmannin-treated or PDGF and rapamycin-treated, using Phospho-Tuberin/TSC2 (Ser939) Antibody (top), Phospho-Tuberin/TSC2 (Thr1462) Antibody #3611 (middle) or Tuberin/TSC2 Antibody #3612 (bottom).
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 6
Western blot analysis of extracts from PC-3 cells, untreated or LY294002/wortmannin-treated, and NIH/3T3 cells, serum-starved or PDGF-treated, using Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb (upper) or Akt (pan) (C67E7) Rabbit mAb #4691 (lower).
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 7
Western blot analysis of extracts from serum-starved NIH/3T3 cells, untreated or insulin-treated (150 nM, 5 minutes), alone or in combination with λ-phosphatase, using Phospho-mTOR (Ser2448) (D9C2) XP® Rabbit mAb (upper) or mTOR (7C10) Rabbit mAb #2983.
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 8
Western blot analysis of extracts from GSK-3α (-/-) (lanes 1,2) and GSK-3β (-/-) (lanes 3,4) mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells, λ phosphatase or PDGF-treated, using Phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9) (D85E12) XP® Rabbit mAb (upper) and α/β-Tubulin Antibody #2148 (lower). (MEF wild type, GSK-3α (-/-) and GSK-3β (-/-) cells were kindly provided by Dr. Jim Woodgett, University of Toronto, Canada).
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 9
After the primary antibody is bound to the target protein, a complex with HRP-linked secondary antibody is formed. The LumiGLO® is added and emits light during enzyme catalyzed decomposition.
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 10
Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 (IGF-I receptor β+) and SK-UT-1 (IGF-I receptor β-) cells using IGF-I Receptor β (D23H3) XP® Rabbit mAb (upper) or β-Actin Antibody #4967 (lower).
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 11
Immunoprecipitation of phospho-Akt (Thr308) from Jurkat cell extracts using Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control #3900 (lane 2) or Phospho-Akt (Thr308) (D25E6) XP® Rabbit mAb (lane 3). Lane 1 is 10% input. Western blot analysis was performed using Phospho-Akt (Thr308) (D25E6) XP® Rabbit mAb.
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 12
Western blot analysis of extracts from Jurkat cells treated with either Calyculin A (#9902) or LY294002 (#9901) using Phospho-FoxO1 (Thr24)/(FoxO3a (Thr32)/FoxO4 (Thr28) (4G6) Rabbit mAb. The phospho-specificity of the antibody was verified by treating the membrane in the absence (-) or presence (-) of calf intestinal phosphatase (CIP) after western transfer.
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 13
Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells, untreated or IGF-I-treated (100 nM for 2 minutes), using Phospho-IGF-I Receptor β (Tyr1131)/Insulin Receptor β (Tyr1146) Antibody (upper) or control IGF-I Receptor antibody (lower).
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 14
Immunprecipitation of Insulin Receptor beta from insulin treated mIMCD-3 cell extracts using Insulin Receptor beta antibody (Lane 1) Lane 2: No antibody control. Lane 3: Input control.
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 15
Immunoprecipitation of phospho-Akt (Ser473) from Jurkat extracts treated with Calyculin A #9902 (100nM, 30 min). Lane 1 is 10% input, lane 2 is Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb, and lane 3 is Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control #3900. Western blot analysis was performed with Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb. Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody #7074 was used as a secondary antibody.
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 16
Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of HeLa cells, rapamycin-treated (#9904, 10 nM for 2 hours, left), insulin-treated (150 nM for 6 minutes, middle) or insulin- and λ-phosphatase-treated (right), using Phospho-mTOR (Ser2448) (D9C2) XP® Rabbit mAb (green). Actin filaments were labeled with DY-554 phalloidin. Blue pseudocolor = DRAQ5® #4084 (fluorescent DNA dye).
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 17
Western blot analysis of extracts from PC-3 cells, untreated or LY294002/wortmannin-treated, using Phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9) (D85E12) XP® Rabbit mAb (upper) or GSK-3β (27C10) Rabbit mAb #9315 (lower).
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 18
Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of MCF7 (left) and SK-UT-1 (right) cells using IGF-I Receptor β (D23H3) XP® Rabbit mAb (green). Blue pseudocolor = DRAQ5® #4084 (fluorescent DNA dye).
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 19
Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of C2C12 cells, insulin-treated (100 nM, 15 min; left) or treated with LY294002 #9901 (50 μM, 2 hr; right), using Phospho-Akt (Thr308) (D25E6) XP® Rabbit mAb (green). Actin filaments were labeled with DY-554 phalloidin (red). Blue pseudocolor = DRAQ5® #4084 (fluorescent DNA dye).
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 20
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded MDA-MB-468 xenograft using Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb (left) or PTEN (138G6) Rabbit mAb #9559 (right). Note the presence of P-Akt staining in the PTEN deficient MDA-MB-468 cells.
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 21
Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of wild type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) (top row), GSK-3β (-/-) MEFs (middle row) , or PC-3 cells (bottom row), untreated (left), LY294002- and Wortmannin-treated (#9901 and #9951 respectively; center) or lambda phosphatase-treated (right), using Phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9) (D85E12) XP® Rabbit mAb (green). Actin filaments were labeled with DY-554 phalloidin (red). Blue pseudocolor = DRAQ5® #4084 (fluorescent DNA dye). (MEF wild type and GSK-3β (-/-) cells were kindly provided by Dr. Jim Woodgett, University of Toronto, Canada).
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 22
Flow cytometric analysis of fixed and permeabilized SK-UT-1 cells (blue, negative) and MCF7 cells (green, positive) using IGF-I Receptor β (D23H3) XP® Rabbit mAb (solid lines) or a concentration-matched Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control #3900 (dashed lines). Anti-rabbit IgG (H+L), F(ab')2 Fragment (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate) #4412 was used as a secondary antibody.
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 23
Flow cytometric analysis of Jurkat cells, untreated (green) or treated with LY294002 #9901, Wortmannin #9951 and U0126 #9903 (blue), using Phospho-Akt (Thr308) (D25E6) XP® Rabbit mAb (solid line) compared to a concentration-matched Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control #3900 (dashed line). Anti-rabbit IgG (H+L), F(ab')2 Fragment (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate) #4412 was used as a secondary antibody.
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 24
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma comparing SignalStain® Antibody Diluent #8112 (left) to TBST/5% normal goat serum (right) using Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb #4060.
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 25
Flow cytometric analysis of NIH/3T3 cells, untreated (blue) or PDGF-treated (green), using Phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9) (D85E12) XP® Rabbit mAb.
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 26
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb.
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 27
Immunohistochemical analysis using Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb on SignalSlide® Phospho-Akt (Ser473) IHC Controls #8101 (paraffin-embedded LNCaP cells, untreated (left) or LY294002-treated (right)).
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 28
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma using Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb.
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 29
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded PTEN heterozygous mutant mouse endometrium using Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb. (Tissue section courtesy of Dr. Sabina Signoretti, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.)
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 30
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded U-87MG xenograft, untreated (left) or lambda phosphatase-treated (right), using Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb.
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 31
Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of C2C12 cells, LY294002-treated (left) or insulin-treated (right), using Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb (green). Actin filaments have been labeled with Alexa Fluor® 555 phalloidin #8953 (red). Blue pseudocolor = DRAQ5®#4084 (fluorescent DNA dye).
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit: Image 32
Flow cytometric analysis of Jurkat cells, untreated (green) or treated with LY294002 #9901, Wortmannin #9951, and U0126 #9903 (50 μM, 1 μM, and 10 μM, 2 hr; blue) using Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb (solid lines) or concentration-matched Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control #3900 (dashed lines). Anti-rabbit IgG (H+L), F(ab')2 Fragment (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate) #4412 was used as a secondary antibody.
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To Purchase # 42022
Cat. # Size Qty. Price
42022T		 1 Kit  (9 x 20 microliters)
$ 708

Custom Formulation

Product Includes Quantity Applications Reactivity MW(kDa) Isotype
Insulin Receptor β (4B8) Rabbit mAb 3025 20 µl
  • WB
  • IP
 H M R 95 Rabbit IgG
IGF-I Receptor β (D23H3) XP® Rabbit mAb 9750 20 µl
  • WB
  • IP
  • IF
  • F
 H M R Mk 95 Rabbit IgG
Phospho-IGF-I Receptor β (Tyr1131)/Insulin Receptor β (Tyr1146) Antibody 3021 20 µl
  • WB
  • IP
 H M R 95 Rabbit 
Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb 4060 20 µl
  • WB
  • IP
  • IHC
  • IF
  • F
 H M R Hm Mk Dm Z B 60 Rabbit IgG
Phospho-Akt (Thr308) (D25E6) XP® Rabbit mAb 13038 20 µl
  • WB
  • IP
  • IF
  • F
 H M R Mk 60 Rabbit IgG
Phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9) (D85E12) XP® Rabbit mAb 5558 20 µl
  • WB
  • IP
  • IF
  • F
 H M R Hm 46 Rabbit IgG
Phospho-FoxO1 (Thr24)/FoxO3a (Thr32)/FoxO4 (Thr28) (4G6) Rabbit mAb 2599 20 µl
  • WB
 H M Mk 65, 78 to 82, 95 Rabbit 
Phospho-mTOR (Ser2448) (D9C2) XP® Rabbit mAb 5536 20 µl
  • WB
  • IP
  • IF
 H M R Mk 289 Rabbit IgG
Phospho-Tuberin/TSC2 (Ser939) Antibody 3615 20 µl
  • WB
 H M 200 Rabbit 
Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody 7074 100 µl
  • WB
 Rab Goat 

Product Description

The Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit provides an economical means of detecting select components involved in the insulin and/or IGF-1 signaling pathways. The kit contains enough primary antibodies to perform at least two western blot experiments per antibody.

Specificity / Sensitivity

Insulin Receptor beta (4B8) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total insulin receptor β. It does not cross-react with IGF-IR β. IGF-I Receptor β (D23H3) XP® Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total IGF-I receptor β protein. This antibody does not cross-react with insulin receptor. Phospho-IGF-I Receptor β (Tyr1131)/Insulin Receptor β (Tyr1146) Antibody detects endogenous levels of Tyr1131-phosphorylated IGF-I receptor and Tyr1146-phosphorylated insulin receptor. The antibody cross-reacts with activated PDGF, FGF and EGF receptors, ErbB2 and c-Met. Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of Akt only when phosphorylated at Ser473. Phospho-Akt (Thr308) (D25E6) XP® Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of Akt1 protein only when phosphorylated at Thr308. This antibody also recognizes endogenous levels of Akt2 protein when phosphorylated at Thr309 or Akt3 protein when phosphorylated at Thr305. Phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9) (D85E12) XP® Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of GSK-3β only when phosphorylated at Ser9. This antibody reacts with denatured components of bovine serum, including BSA. Phospho-Tuberin/TSC2 (Ser939) Antibody detects endogenous levels of tuberin only when phosphorylated at serine 939. This antibody does not cross-react with tuberin phosphorylated at other sites. Phospho-FoxO1 (Thr24)/FoxO3a (Thr32)/Fox04 (Thr28) (4G6) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of FoxO1 when phosphorylated at Thr24, of FoxO3a when phosphorylated at Thr32 or FoxO4 when phosphorylated at Thr28. Phospho-mTOR (Ser2448) (D9C2) XP® Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of mTOR protein only when phosphorylated at Ser2448.

Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Tyr999 of human insulin receptor β. Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the carboxy terminus of human IGF-I receptor β protein. Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues of human IGF-I Receptor β. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography. Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues around Ser473 of human Akt. Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Thr308 of human Akt1 protein. Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser9 of human GSK-3β. Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues around Ser939 of human tuberin. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography. Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues surrounding Thr28 of human Fox04. Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser2448 of human mTOR protein.

Background

Insulin and IGF-1 act on two closely related tyrosine kinase receptors to initiate a cascade of signaling events. These signaling events activate a variety of biological molecules, including kinases and transcription factors, which regulate cell growth, survival and metabolism.

Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that is widely expressed in many cell lines and cell types within fetal and postnatal tissues (1-3). Three tyrosine residues within the kinase domain (Tyr1131, Tyr1135, and Tyr1136) are the earliest major autophosphorylation sites (4). Phosphorylation of these three tyrosine residues is necessary for kinase activation (5,6). Insulin receptors (IRs) share significant structural and functional similarity with IGF-I receptors, including the presence of an equivalent tyrosine cluster (Tyr1146/1150/1151) within the kinase domain activation loop. Tyrosine autophosphorylation of IRs is one of the earliest cellular responses to insulin stimulation (7). Autophosphorylation begins with phosphorylation at Tyr1146 and either Tyr1150 or Tyr1151, while full kinase activation requires triple tyrosine phosphorylation (8).

Akt, also referred to as PKB or Rac, plays a critical role in controlling survival and apoptosis (9-11). This protein kinase is activated by insulin and various growth and survival factors to function in a wortmannin-sensitive pathway involving PI3 kinase (10,11). Akt is activated by phospholipid binding and activation loop phosphorylation at Thr308 by PDK1 (12) and by phosphorylation within the carboxy terminus at Ser473. The previously elusive PDK2 responsible for phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 has been identified as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in a rapamycin-insensitive complex with rictor and Sin1 (13,14).

Tuberin is a product of the TSC2 tumor suppressor gene and an important regulator of cell proliferation and tumor development (15). Tuberin is phosphorylated on Ser939 and Thr1462 in response to PI3K activation and the human TSC complex is a direct biochemical target of the PI3K/Akt pathway (16). This result complements Drosophila genetics studies suggesting the possible involvement of the tuberin-hamartin complex in the PI3K/Akt mediated insulin pathway (17-19).

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR, FRAP, RAFT) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase (20-22) that functions as an ATP and amino acid sensor to balance nutrient availability and cell growth (23,24). When sufficient nutrients are available, mTOR responds to a phosphatidic acid-mediated signal to transmit a positive signal to p70 S6 kinase and participate in the inactivation of the eIF4E inhibitor, 4E-BP1 (25). These events result in the translation of specific mRNA subpopulations. mTOR is phosphorylated at Ser2448 via the PI3 kinase/Akt signaling pathway and autophosphorylated at Ser2481 (26,27).

The Forkhead family of transcription factors is involved in tumorigenesis of rhabdomyosarcoma and acute leukemias (28-30). Within the family, three members (FoxO1, FoxO4, and FoxO3a) have sequence similarity to the nematode orthologue DAF-16, which mediates signaling via a pathway involving IGFR1, PI3K, and Akt (31-33). Active forkhead members act as tumor suppressors by promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Increased proliferation results when forkhead transcription factors are inactivated through phosphorylation by Akt at Thr24, Ser256, and Ser319, which results in nuclear export and inhibition of transcription factor activity (34).

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was initially identified as an enzyme that regulates glycogen synthesis in response to insulin (35). GSK-3 is a critical downstream element of the PI3K/Akt cell survival pathway whose activity can be inhibited by Akt-mediated phosphorylation at Ser21 of GSK-3α and Ser9 of GSK-3β (36,37).
  1. Adams, T.E. et al. (2000) Cell Mol Life Sci 57, 1050-93.
  2. Baserga, R. (2000) Oncogene 19, 5574-81.
  3. Scheidegger, K.J. et al. (2000) J Biol Chem 275, 38921-8.
  4. Hernández-Sánchez, C. et al. (1995) J Biol Chem 270, 29176-81.
  5. Lopaczynski, W. et al. (2000) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 279, 955-60.
  6. Baserga, R. (1999) Exp Cell Res 253, 1-6.
  7. White, M.F. et al. (1985) J Biol Chem 260, 9470-8.
  8. White, M.F. et al. (1988) J Biol Chem 263, 2969-80.
  9. Franke, T.F. et al. (1997) Cell 88, 435-7.
  10. Burgering, B.M. and Coffer, P.J. (1995) Nature 376, 599-602.
  11. Franke, T.F. et al. (1995) Cell 81, 727-36.
  12. Alessi, D.R. et al. (1996) EMBO J 15, 6541-51.
  13. Sarbassov, D.D. et al. (2005) Science 307, 1098-101.
  14. Jacinto, E. et al. (2006) Cell 127, 125-37.
  15. Soucek, T. et al. (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95, 15653-8.
  16. Manning, B.D. et al. (2002) Mol Cell 10, 151-62.
  17. Gao, X. and Pan, D. (2001) Genes Dev 15, 1383-92.
  18. Potter, C.J. et al. (2001) Cell 105, 357-68.
  19. Tapon, N. et al. (2001) Cell 105, 345-55.
  20. Sabers, C.J. et al. (1995) J Biol Chem 270, 815-22.
  21. Brown, E.J. et al. (1994) Nature 369, 756-8.
  22. Sabatini, D.M. et al. (1994) Cell 78, 35-43.
  23. Gingras, A.C. et al. (2001) Genes Dev 15, 807-26.
  24. Dennis, P.B. et al. (2001) Science 294, 1102-5.
  25. Fang, Y. et al. (2001) Science 294, 1942-5.
  26. Navé, B.T. et al. (1999) Biochem J 344 Pt 2, 427-31.
  27. Peterson, R.T. et al. (2000) J Biol Chem 275, 7416-23.
  28. Anderson, M.J. et al. (1998) Genomics 47, 187-99.
  29. Galili, N. et al. (1993) Nat Genet 5, 230-5.
  30. Borkhardt, A. et al. (1997) Oncogene 14, 195-202.
  31. Nakae, J. et al. (1999) J Biol Chem 274, 15982-5.
  32. Rena, G. et al. (1999) J Biol Chem 274, 17179-83.
  33. Guo, S. et al. (1999) J Biol Chem 274, 17184-92.
  34. Arden, K.C. (2004) Mol Cell 14, 416-8.
  35. Welsh, G.I. et al. (1996) Trends Cell Biol 6, 274-9.
  36. Srivastava, A.K. and Pandey, S.K. (1998) Mol Cell Biochem 182, 135-41.
  37. Cross, D.A. et al. Nature 378, 785-9.

Pathways & Proteins

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