Product Pathways - PI3K / Akt Signaling
Phospho-FoxO1 (Thr24)/FoxO3a (Thr32) Antibody #9464
| Applications | Reactivity | Sensitivity | MW (kDa) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| W IP | H M R | Endogenous | 78 to 82, 95 | Rabbit |
Applications Key:
W=Western Blotting
IP=Immunoprecipitation
Reactivity Key:
H=Human
M=Mouse
R=Rat
Species cross-reactivity is determined by Western blot.
Protocols
Specificity / Sensitivity
Phospho-Fox01 (Thr24)/Fox03a (Thr32) Antibody detects endogenous levels of Fox01/Fox03a only when phosphorylated at threonine 24 of Fox01 or threonine 32 of Fox03a. The antibody cross-reacts with phosphorylated Fox04 at threonine 28, but not with Fox01 family members phosphorylated at other sites.
Source / Purification
Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues surrounding Thr28 of human Fox04. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.
Western Blotting
Western blot analysis of extracts from HT29 cells, serum starved or serum treated, using Phospho-Fox01 (Thr24)/Fox03a (Thr32) Antibody.
Background
The Forkhead family of transcription factors is involved in tumorigenesis of rhabdomyosarcoma and acute leukemias (1-3). Within the family, three members (FoxO1, FoxO4 and FoxO3a) have sequence similarity to the nematode orthologue DAF-16, which mediates signaling via a pathway involving IGFR1, PI3K and Akt (4-6). Active forkhead members act as tumor suppressors by promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Increased expression of any FoxO member results in the activation of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1. Forkhead transcription factors also play a part in TGF-β-mediated upregulation of p21CIP1, a process negatively regulated through PI3K (7). Increased proliferation results when forkhead transcription factors are inactivated through phosphorylation by Akt at Thr24, Ser256 and Ser319, which results in nuclear export and inhibition of transcription factor activity (8). Forkhead transcription factors can also be inhibited by the deacetylase sirtuin (SirT1) (9).
- Anderson, M.J. et al. (1998) Genomics 47, 187-199.
- Galili, N. et al. (1993) Nat. Genet. 5, 230-235.
- Borkhardt, A. et al. (1997) Oncogene 14, 195-202.
- Nakae, J. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 15982-15985.
- Rena, G. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 17179-17183.
- Guo, S. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 17184-17192.
- Seoane, J. et al. (2004) Cell 117, 211-223.
- Arden, K.C. (2004) Mol. Cell 14, 416-418.
- Yang, Y. et al. (2005) EMBO J. 24, 1021-1032.
- Camper-Kirby, D. et al. (2001) Circ Res 88, 1020-7.
Application References
- Komatsu, N. et al. (2002) A member of Forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1 is a downstream effector of STI571-induced cell cycle arrest in BCR-ABL-expressing cells. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (8), 6411-6419. Applications: Western Blotting
- Mahmud, D. L. et al. (2002) Phosphorylation of Forkhead transcription factors by erythropoietin and stem cell factor prevents acetylation and their interaction with coactivator p300 in erythroid progenitor cells. Oncogene 21, 1556-1562. Applications: Western Blotting
- Richards, J. S. et al. (2002) Expression of FKHR, FKHRL1 and AFX genes in the rodent ovary: Evidence for regulation by IGF-I, estrogen, and the gonadotropins. Mol. Endoc. 16 (3), 580-599. Applications: Western Blotting
- Stahl, M. et al. (2002) The Forkhead transcription factor FoxO regulates transcription of p27 Kip1 and bim in response to IL-2. J. Immunol. 168, 5024-5031. Applications: Western Blotting
- Dinulescu, D. M. et al. (2005) Role of K-ras and Pten in the development of mouse models of endometriosis and endometrioid ovarian cancer. Nat Med. 11 (1), 63-70. Applications: IHC-P (paraffin)
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This product is intended for research purposes only. The product is not intended to be used for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes in humans or animals.
