Background
The antibiotic Nonactin is an ionophore that binds and transports monovalent cations (e.g., K+, NH4+, and Na+) across membranes through passive diffusion (1). Nonactin displays both antibacterial and anti-tumor activities, and inhibits drug efflux in multiple drug resistant cancers (2). Naturally occurring Nonactin is composed of four monomers of Nonactic acid, comprised of an equal number of (+) and (-) monomers. The antibiotic properties of Nonactin result from its ability to form stable complexes with monovalent cations; artificial Nonactin tetramers, comprised of either all (+) or all (-) Nonactic acid monomers, lack ion binding ability and are less potent antibiotics (3). Treatment of erythrocytes with Nonactin leads to suicidal erythrocyte death as evidenced by the shrinking of erythrocytes and translocation of phosphatidylserine from the erythrocyte interior to the cell surface (4). Nonactin selectively induces apoptosis and results in tumor regression in a β-catenin mutant HCT 116 xenograft model (5), and can inhibit the surface expression of endogenous HSP60 (6).
- Garcia, C.A. et al. (2003) J Pharm Biomed Anal 31, 11-8.
- Borrel, M.N. et al. (1994) Eur J Biochem 223, 125-33.
- Kusche, B.R. et al. (2009) J Am Chem Soc 131, 17155-65.
- Peter, T. et al. (2016) Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 118, 107-12.
- Shikata, Y. et al. (2017) Cancer Sci 108, 772-784.
- Barazi, H.O. et al. (2002) Cancer Res 62, 1541-8.
Molecular Formula
C40H64O12
Molecular Weight
736.9 g/mol
Purity
>99%
CAS
6833-84-7
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO at 10 mg/mL or ethanol at 10 mg/mL.
Storage
Directions for Use
Background References
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
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