Background
TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) / PMA (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate) is the most commonly used phorbol ester. It binds and activates protein kinase C, causing a wide range of effects in cells and tissues (1,2). TPA has been demonstrated to be a potent tumor promoter in mouse skin (3). Conversely, it has been shown to be an effective cancer therapeutic agent in myelocytic leukemia patients, and has been indicated as a potential colorectal cancer therapeutic (4-5). TPA has also been shown to increase white blood cell and neutrophil counts in solid tumor cancer patients (6).
- Rebois, R.V. and Patel, J. (1985) J Biol Chem 260, 8026-31.
- Blumberg, P.M. (1980) Crit Rev Toxicol 8, 153-97.
- Fürstenberger, G. et al. (1981) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78, 7722-6.
- Han, Z.T. et al. (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95, 5357-61.
- Lee, H.W. et al. (2002) J Biol Chem 277, 32624-31.
- Han, Z.T. et al. (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95, 5362-5.
Molecular Formula
C36H56O8
Molecular Weight
616.83 g/mol
Purity
>99.5%
CAS
16561-29-8
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO and EtOH at 25mg/ml.
Storage
Directions for Use
TPA is supplied as a 1 mg powder. Store at -20C. Before use, dissolve powder in 1 ml DMSO to yield a 1.6 mM stock solution. For working concentration of 200 μM, add 125 μl stock solution to 875 μl DMSO. Treat cells with 200 nM TPA for 20-30 minutes.
TPA is soluble in DMSO and ethanol.
Background References
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
Trademarks and Patents
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