26
#P08476
3624
Background
Activin A is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays an important role in the regulation of the immune response and has been shown to possess both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities (1-3). This cytokine is a member of the TGF-β superfamily known to signal through the Smad- and MAPK-dependent pathways by binding to the activin receptors type I (Alk2, Alk4) and type II (ActRIIA, ActRIIB) (1,2). Activin A is expressed by several cell types, including endothelial cells, mast cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) (4-6). The effect that Activin A has on the immune response makes it an important cytokine to study when looking at different diseases, such as allergy, autoimmunity, acute and chronic inflammation, and cancer (1,5).
- Morianos, I. et al. (2019) J Autoimmun 104, 102314.
- Seeger, P. et al. (2014) J Immunol 192, 1241-8.
- Samitas, K. et al. (2016) Eur Respir J 47, 769-82.
- Sierra-Filardi, E. et al. (2011) Blood 117, 5092-101.
- Hedger, M.P. et al. (2011) Vitam Horm 85, 255-97.
- Sozzani, S. and Musso, T. (2011) Blood 117, 5013-5.
Endotoxin
Endotoxin levels are less than or equal to 1 EU / 1 μg h/m/r Activin A.
Purity
A greater than or equal to 95% purity was determined by SDS-PAGE.
Source / Purification
Recombinant human/mouse/rat Activin A was expressed in E. coli and is supplied in a lyophilized form.
Bioactivity
The bioactivity of recombinant h/m/r Activin A was determined in an MPC-11 cell cytotoxicity assay. The ED50 of each lot is less than or equal to 10 ng/ml.
Background
Activin A is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays an important role in the regulation of the immune response and has been shown to possess both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities (1-3). This cytokine is a member of the TGF-β superfamily known to signal through the Smad- and MAPK-dependent pathways by binding to the activin receptors type I (Alk2, Alk4) and type II (ActRIIA, ActRIIB) (1,2). Activin A is expressed by several cell types, including endothelial cells, mast cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) (4-6). The effect that Activin A has on the immune response makes it an important cytokine to study when looking at different diseases, such as allergy, autoimmunity, acute and chronic inflammation, and cancer (1,5).
Background References
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
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