WB, IF-IC
H M R Mk
Endogenous
87
Rabbit
#P27540
405
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
| Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry) | 1:100 |
Storage
Specificity / Sensitivity
Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey
Source / Purification
Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the sequence of human HIF-1β/ARNT. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.
Background
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) is a heterodimeric transcription factor that plays a critical role in the cellular response to hypoxia (1). The HIF1 complex consists of two subunits, HIF-1α and HIF-1β, which are basic helix-loop-helix proteins of the PAS (Per, ARNT, Sim) family (2). HIF1 regulates the transcription of a broad range of genes that facilitate responses to the hypoxic environment, including genes regulating angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, cell cycle, metabolism, and apoptosis. The widely expressed HIF-1α is typically degraded rapidly in normoxic cells by the ubiquitin/proteasomal pathway. Under normoxic conditions, HIF-1α is proline hydroxylated leading to a conformational change that promotes binding to the von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL) E3 ligase complex; ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation follows (3,4). Both hypoxic conditions and chemical hydroxylase inhibitors (such as desferrioxamine and cobalt) inhibit HIF-1α degradation and lead to its stabilization. In addition, HIF-1α can be induced in an oxygen-independent manner by various cytokines through the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway (5-7).
HIF-1β is also known as AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT) due to its ability to partner with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to form a heterodimeric transcription factor complex (8). Together with AhR, HIF-1β plays an important role in xenobiotics metabolism (8). In addition, a chromosomal translocation leading to a TEL-ARNT fusion protein is associated with acute myeloblastic leukemia (9). Studies also found that ARNT/HIF-1β expression levels decrease significantly in pancreatic islets from patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting that HIF-1β plays an important role in pancreatic β-cell function (10).
- Sharp, F.R. and Bernaudin, M. (2004) Nat Rev Neurosci 5, 437-48.
- Wang, G.L. et al. (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92, 5510-4.
- Jaakkola, P. et al. (2001) Science 292, 468-72.
- Maxwell, P.H. et al. (1999) Nature 399, 271-5.
- Fukuda, R. et al. (2002) J Biol Chem 277, 38205-11.
- Jiang, B.H. et al. (2001) Cell Growth Differ 12, 363-9.
- Laughner, E. et al. (2001) Mol Cell Biol 21, 3995-4004.
- Walisser, J.A. et al. (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101, 16677-82.
- Salomon-Nguyen, F. et al. (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97, 6757-62.
- Gunton, J.E. et al. (2005) Cell 122, 337-49.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Western Blot Buffer
IMPORTANT: For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% w/v BSA, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween® 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.
Applications Key
WB: Western Blotting IF-IC: Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry)
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
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