WB
H M R Mk
Endogenous
52, 55, 63
Rabbit
#Q92731
2100
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
Storage
Specificity / Sensitivity
Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey
Source / Purification
Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the amino terminus of human Estrogen Receptor β1 protein. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.
Background
Estrogen Receptor β (ER β) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors and was discovered to be encoded by a gene (ESR2) distinct from that encoding Estrogen Receptor α (ER α) (1,2). While studies have revealed that alternative splicing generates mutiple isoforms of ER β that differ at their respective C-termini and in tissue distribution, ER β1 is believed to be the longest and only fully functional isoform (3,4). Indeed, it has been reported that shorter isoforms of ER β (ER β2, β4, and β5) can heterodimerize with ER β1 and enhance its transcriptional activity in an estradiol-dependent manner (4). ER β is expressed in a wide range of normal and malignant tissues, many of which coexpress ER α. It is proposed that ER β has an antiproliferative role, perhaps through heterodimerization with ER α and repression of its transcriptional activity at estrogen response elements (5,6). Recent studies have revealed that expression of ESR2 is subject to epigenetic regulation and that loss of ER β expression positively contributes to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and enhanced invasiveness in prostate cancer (7,8). ER β has also been found to be negatively regulated at the posttranslational level through phosphorylation of its AF-1 domain, which promotes its ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation (9,10).
- Evans, R.M. (1988) Science 240, 889-95.
- Kuiper, G.G. et al. (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93, 5925-30.
- Moore, J.T. et al. (1998) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 247, 75-8.
- Leung, Y.K. et al. (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103, 13162-7.
- Hall, J.M. and McDonnell, D.P. (1999) Endocrinology 140, 5566-78.
- Pettersson, K. et al. (2000) Oncogene 19, 4970-8.
- Zhu, X. et al. (2004) Am J Pathol 164, 2003-12.
- Mak, P. et al. (2010) Cancer Cell 17, 319-32.
- Tateishi, Y. et al. (2006) Mol Cell Biol 26, 7966-76.
- Picard, N. et al. (2008) Mol Endocrinol 22, 317-30.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Western Blot Buffer
IMPORTANT: For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% w/v BSA, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween® 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.
Applications Key
WB: Western Blotting
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
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