WB, IP, IF-IC, FC-FP
H
Endogenous
68
Rabbit IgG
#Q9UM07
23569
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
| Immunoprecipitation | 1:50 |
| Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry) | 1:200 - 1:800 |
| Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized) | 1:50 - 1:200 |
Storage
Specificity / Sensitivity
Species Reactivity:
Human
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with recombinant human PADI4 protein.
Background
Peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD) proteins are a family of Ca2+-dependent enzymes that catalyze the post-translational conversion of arginine to citrulline. There are currently five known PAD isozymes in humans, referred to as PADI1-4 and PADI6 (1). PADI4 is a nuclear member of the PAD family and is responsible for deiminating R2, R8, R17, and R26 on the histone H3 (2-4). Deimination of histone residues prevents CARM1-mediated arginine methylation and results in transcriptional repression (2,3). Expression of PADI4 is increased during myeloid differentiation and various polymorphisms have been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (5-8). PADI4 can play a role in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest upon DNA damage, as it is recruited to the p21 promoter by p53 and also regulates a subset of p53 target genes (9,10). Hypercitrullination of histones by PADI4 contributes to chromatin decondensation and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to combat bacterial infection in a process called NETosis (11,12). Inhibition of PADI4 reduces NET formation, making it a potential therapeutic target (13).
- Jones, J.E. et al. (2009) Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel 12, 616-27.
- Cuthbert, G.L. et al. (2004) Cell 118, 545-53.
- Wang, Y. et al. (2004) Science 306, 279-83.
- Nakashima, K. et al. (2002) J Biol Chem 277, 49562-8.
- Nakashima, K. et al. (1999) J Biol Chem 274, 27786-92.
- Suzuki, A. et al. (2003) Nat Genet 34, 395-402.
- Worthington, J. and John, S. (2003) Trends Mol Med 9, 405-7.
- Yamada, R. et al. (2003) Trends Mol Med 9, 503-8.
- Li, P. et al. (2008) Mol Cell Biol 28, 4745-58.
- Yao, H. et al. (2008) J Biol Chem 283, 20060-8.
- Wang, Y. et al. (2009) J Cell Biol 184, 205-13.
- Brinkmann, V. et al. (2004) Science 303, 1532-5.
- Lewis, H.D. et al. (2015) Nat Chem Biol 11, 189-91.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Western Blot Buffer
IMPORTANT: For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% w/v BSA, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween® 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.
Applications Key
WB: Western Blotting IP: Immunoprecipitation IF-IC: Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry) FC-FP: Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized)
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
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