WB
H
Endogenous
60
Rabbit IgG
#Q99638
5883
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
Storage
Specificity / Sensitivity
Species Reactivity:
Human
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Pro31 of human Rad9A protein.
Background
DNA damage resulting from genotoxic stress activates cellular checkpoints that prevent or delay cell division until either damaged DNA is repaired or the cell follows an apoptotic pathway. The Rad9 homolog A (Rad9A, Rad9) protein is part of a checkpoint protein complex that acts as an early sensor of DNA damage. Together with the Hus1 and Rad1 checkpoint proteins, Rad9 forms a heterotrimeric 9-1-1 complex with a ring structure similar to the processivity factor PCNA. The 9-1-1 complex induces multiple signaling pathways, including the ATM and ATR-activated DNA repair pathways (1,2). A functional 9-1-1 complex is required for ATR-dependent S phase checkpoint signaling (3).
The 9-1-1 complex interacts with DNA topoisomerase 2-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) in response to DNA damage, activating ATR and causing signal amplification through further recruitment of TopBP1 (4). The 9-1-1 complex interacts with DNA mismatch repair proteins MSH2, MSH3, and MSH6 to play a role in mismatch repair (5). During an error-free DNA damage tolerance process, the 9-1-1 complex cooperates with polyubiquitinated PCNA and Exo1 nuclease to support switching of the replicative polymerase to the undamaged template (6).
Research studies indicate that the two Rad9 paralogues (Rad9A and Rad9B) can both functionally complement one another and display distinct biological functions.
Specifically, Rad9B senses nucleolar stress and causes a delay in the cell cycle at G1/S phase (7).
- Broustas, C.G. and Lieberman, H.B. (2012) J Cell Biochem 113, 742-51.
- Kai, M. (2013) Biomolecules 3, 75-84.
- Bao, S. et al. (2004) Oncogene 23, 5586-93.
- Ohashi, E. et al. (2014) DNA Repair (Amst) 21, 1-11.
- Bai, H. et al. (2010) DNA Repair (Amst) 9, 478-87.
- Karras, G.I. et al. (2013) Mol Cell 49, 536-46.
- Pérez-Castro, A.J. and Freire, R. (2012) J Cell Sci 125, 1152-64.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Western Blot Buffer
IMPORTANT: For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% w/v nonfat dry milk, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween® 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.
Applications Key
WB: Western Blotting
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
Trademarks and Patents
Limited Uses
Except as otherwise expressly agreed in a writing signed by a legally authorized representative of CST, the following terms apply to Products provided by CST, its affiliates or its distributors. Any Customer's terms and conditions that are in addition to, or different from, those contained herein, unless separately accepted in writing by a legally authorized representative of CST, are rejected and are of no force or effect.
Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.
