SAMHD1 Antibodies

Target Information

Protein that acts both as a host restriction factor involved in defense response to virus and as a regulator of DNA end resection at stalled replication forks. Has deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTPase) activity, which is required to restrict infection by viruses, such as HIV-1: dNTPase activity reduces cellular dNTP levels to levels too low for retroviral reverse transcription to occur, blocking early-stage virus replication in dendritic and other myeloid cells. Likewise, suppresses LINE-1 retrotransposon activity. Not able to restrict infection by HIV-2 virus; because restriction activity is counteracted by HIV-2 viral protein Vpx. In addition to virus restriction, dNTPase activity acts as a regulator of DNA precursor pools by regulating dNTP pools. Phosphorylation at Thr-592 acts as a switch to control dNTPase-dependent and -independent functions: it inhibits dNTPase activity and ability to restrict infection by viruses, while it promotes DNA end resection at stalled replication forks. Functions during S phase at stalled DNA replication forks to promote the resection of gapped or reversed forks: acts by stimulating the exonuclease activity of MRE11, activating the ATR-CHK1 pathway and allowing the forks to restart replication. Its ability to promote degradation of nascent DNA at stalled replication forks is required to prevent induction of type I interferons, thereby preventing chronic inflammation. Ability to promote DNA end resection at stalled replication forks is independent of dNTPase activity. Enhances immunoglobulin hypermutation in B-lymphocytes by promoting transversion mutation. Belongs to the SAMHD1 family. Expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, spleen, liver, small intestine, placenta, lung and peripheral blood leukocytes (PubMed:11064105). No expression is seen in brain and thymus (PubMed:11064105). 3 alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. Note: This description may include information from UniProtKB.

Alternate Names

CHBL2; DCIP; Dendritic cell-derived IFNG-induced protein; Deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1; dNTPase; HDDC1; hSAMHD1; Monocyte protein 5; MOP-5; MOP5; SAM and HD domain containing deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase 1; SAM domain and HD domain 1; SAM domain and HD domain-containing protein 1; SAMH1; SAMHD1; SBBI88