Recombinant antibodies offer several key advantages compared to traditional antibodies. These include superior lot-to-lot consistency, continuous supply, and animal-free manufacturing. As such, recombinant antibodies are seeing increased use for scientific research, especially as a means of addressing the ongoing reproducibility crisis.
Traditional polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are the product of normal B cell development and genetic recombination. They are generated by immunizing an animal with an antigen to elicit an immune response. While polyclonal antibodies are secreted by many different B cell clones and recognize multiple antigenic epitopes, monoclonals originate from a single B cell clone and are specific for just one epitope.
Recombinant antibodies are monoclonal, but their production involves in vitro genetic manipulation. After cloning the antibody genes into an expression vector, this is then transfected into an appropriate host cell line for antibody expression. Mammalian cell lines are most commonly used for recombinant antibody production, although cell lines of bacterial, yeast, or insect origin are also suitable.
Because recombinant antibody production involves sequencing the antibody light and heavy chains, it is a highly controlled and reliable process. In contrast, hybridoma-based systems for producing monoclonal antibodies are subject to genetic drift and instability, increasing the potential for lot-to-lot variability or loss of antibody expression. Recombinant antibodies are highly consistent from lot to lot, thereby ensuring reproducible experimental results.
In vitro methods for producing antibodies are amenable to large-scale production, meaning antibody availability is unlikely to become a limiting factor. Moreover, since the recombinant antibody sequence is known, continuity of supply is assured; in situations where an antibody will be used to support large, long-term studies, this can be an especially critical factor.
Unlike traditional methods for antibody production, recombinant approaches avoid the need to use animals. Where polyclonal antibodies are purified directly from the serum of the immunized host, and monoclonals are purified from either hybridoma-derived tissue culture supernatant or ascites, recombinant antibodies are instead purified from the tissue culture supernatants of transfected host cell lines. Regardless of whether an antibody is polyclonal, monoclonal or recombinant, it must always be properly validated in the intended application prior to experimental use. At CST, we adhere to the Hallmarks of Antibody Validation™, six complementary strategies for determining the specificity, sensitivity, and functionality of an antibody in any given assay. By carefully tailoring these strategies to each antibody product, we guarantee that CST antibodies will work as expected, to help you achieve results you can trust.
| Cat. # | Size | Qty. | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33452S | 100 µl (50 tests) |
|
$ 413 |
| REACTIVITY | H Mk |
| SENSITIVITY | Endogenous |
| MW (kDa) | |
| Source/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
Product Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized) | 1:50 |
All reagents required for this protocol may be efficiently purchased together in our Intracellular Flow Cytometry Kit (Triton™ X-100) #51995, or individually using the catalog numbers listed below.
NOTE: Prepare solutions with reverse osmosis deionized (RODI) or equivalent grade water.
NOTE: When including fluorescent cellular dyes in your experiment (including viability dyes, DNA dyes, etc.), please refer to the dye product page for the recommended protocol. Visit www.cellsignal.com for a full listing of cellular dyes validated for use in flow cytometry.
NOTE: Adherent cells or tissue should be dissociated and in single-cell suspension prior to fixation.
NOTE: Optimal centrifugation conditions will vary depending upon cell type and reagent volume. Generally, 150-300g for 1-5 minutes will be sufficient to pellet the cells.
NOTE: If using whole blood, lyse red blood cells and wash by centrifugation prior to fixation.
NOTE: Antibodies targeting CD markers or other extracellular proteins may be added prior to fixation if the epitope is disrupted by formaldehyde and/or Triton™ X-100. The antibodies will remain bound to the target of interest during the fixation and permeabilization process. Conduct a small-scale experiment if you are unsure.
NOTE: Count cells using a hemocytometer or alternative method.
posted January 2017
revised June 2020
Protocol Id: 1344
Human, Monkey
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Gly67 of human C/EBPβ protein.
C/EBPβ is a member of the transcription factor family of CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) that are critical for cellular differentiation and function (1). There are various N-terminally truncated C/EBPβ isoforms: full-length C/EBPβ, C/EBPβ-LAP (liver-enriched activator protein), and C/EBPβ-LIP (liver-enriched inhibitory protein). In triple-negative breast cancer cells, aerobic glycolysis was shown to control the expression of C/EBPβ-LAP, which in turn stimulates the expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). These factors are secreted from the cancer cells to promote myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) development in the tumor microenvironment, thereby suppressing anti-tumor immunity (2). In addition, research studies showed that decreased C/EBPβ-LIP expression delays age-related phenotypes in mice, suggesting a potential role for C/EBPβ-LIP in aging (3).
Explore pathways related to this product.
STRING - Known and Predicted Protein-Protein Interactions.
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