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Smad2/3 (D7G7) XP® Rabbit mAb

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Smad2/3 (D7G7) XP® Rabbit mAb (PE Conjugate) #72255

REACTIVITY SENSITIVITY MW (kDa) Isotype
H M R Mk Endogenous Rabbit IgG
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Flow Cytometry
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Flow Cytometry

Flow cytometric analysis of HeLa cells using Smad2/3 (D7G7) XP® Rabbit mAb (PE Conjugate) (green) compared to Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control (PE Conjugate) #5742 (red).

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Protocol

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Flow Cytometry, Methanol Permeabilization Protocol for Direct Conjugates

A. Solutions and Reagents

NOTE: Prepare solutions with reverse osmosis deionized (RODI) or equivalent grade water.

  1. 20X Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS): (#9808) To prepare 1 L 1X PBS: add 50 ml 20X PBS to 950 ml dH2O, mix.
  2. 16% Formaldehyde (methanol free).
  3. 100% methanol.
  4. Incubation Buffer: Dissolve 0.5 g Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) (#9998) in 100 ml 1X PBS. Store at 4°C.

B. Fixation

NOTE: If using whole blood, lyse red blood cells and wash by centrifugation prior to fixation.

  1. Collect cells by centrifugation and aspirate supernatant.
  2. Resuspend cells in 0.5-1 ml 1X PBS. Add formaldehyde to obtain a final concentration of 4%.
  3. Fix for 15 min at room temperature.
  4. Wash by centrifugation with excess 1X PBS. Discard supernatant in appropriate waste container. Resuspend cells in 0.5-1 ml 1X PBS.

C. Permeabilization

  1. Permeabilize cells by adding ice-cold 100% methanol slowly to pre-chilled cells, while gently vortexing, to a final concentration of 90% methanol.
  2. Incubate 30 min on ice.
  3. Proceed with immunostaining (Section D) or store cells at -20°C in 90% methanol.

D. Immunostaining

  1. Aliquot desired number of cells into tubes or wells.
  2. Wash cells by centrifugation in excess 1X PBS to remove methanol. Discard supernatant in appropriate waste container. Repeat if necessary.
  3. Resuspend cells in 100 µl of diluted antibody conjugate (prepared in incubation buffer at the recommended dilution).
  4. Incubate for 1 hr at room temperature. Protect from light.
  5. Wash by centrifugation in incubation buffer. Discard supernatant. Repeat.
  6. Resuspend cells in 1X PBS and analyze on flow cytometer; alternatively, for DNA staining, proceed to optional DNA stain (Section E).

E. Optional DNA Dye

  1. Resuspend cells in 0.5 ml of DNA dye (e.g. Propidium Iodide (PI)/RNase Staining Solution #4087).
  2. Incubate for at least 5 min at room temperature.
  3. Analyze cells in DNA staining solution on flow cytometer.

posted July 2009

revised June 2017

Protocol Id: 407
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Product Usage Information

Application Dilutions
Flow Cytometry 1:50

Storage: Supplied in PBS (pH 7.2), less than 0.1% sodium azide and 2 mg/ml BSA. Store at 4°C. Do not aliquot the antibodies. Protect from light. Do not freeze.
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Specificity / Sensitivity

Smad2/3 (D7G7) XP® Rabbit mAb (PE Conjugate) recognizes endogenous levels of total Smad2/3 protein.


Species Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey
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Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding His198 of human Smad2/3 protein.

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Product Description

This Cell Signaling Technology antibody is conjugated to phycoerythrin (PE) and tested in-house for direct flow cytometry analysis in human cells. This antibody is expected to exhibit the same species cross-reactivity as the unconjugated Smad2/3 (D7G7) XP® Rabbit mAb #8685.


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Background

Members of the Smad family of signal transduction molecules are components of a critical intracellular pathway that transmit TGF-β signals from the cell surface into the nucleus. Three distinct classes of Smads have been defined: the receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads), which include Smad1, 2, 3, 5, and 8; the common-mediator Smad (co-Smad), Smad4; and the antagonistic or inhibitory Smads (I-Smads), Smad6 and 7 (1-5). Activated type I receptors associate with specific R-Smads and phosphorylate them on a conserved carboxy terminal SSXS motif. The phosphorylated R-Smad dissociates from the receptor and forms a heteromeric complex with the co-Smad (Smad4), allowing translocation of the complex to the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, Smads can target a variety of DNA binding proteins to regulate transcriptional responses (6-8).


1.  Heldin, C.H. et al. (1997) Nature 390, 465-71.

2.  Attisano, L. and Wrana, J.L. (1998) Curr Opin Cell Biol 10, 188-94.

3.  Derynck, R. et al. (1998) Cell 95, 737-40.

4.  Massagué, J. (1998) Annu Rev Biochem 67, 753-91.

5.  Whitman, M. (1998) Genes Dev 12, 2445-62.

6.  Wu, G. et al. (2000) Science 287, 92-7.

7.  Attisano, L. and Wrana, J.L. (2002) Science 296, 1646-7.

8.  Moustakas, A. et al. (2001) J Cell Sci 114, 4359-69.


Entrez-Gene Id 4087 , 4088
Swiss-Prot Acc. Q15796 , P84022
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Data Sheets & Documentation

For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
Cell Signaling Technology is a trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
XP is a registered trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.

72255
Smad2/3 (D7G7) XP® Rabbit mAb (PE Conjugate)
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