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  3. Human TGF-β3

Human TGF-β3 #3706

Inquiry Info. # 3706

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    Product Information

    Product Usage Information

    The working concentration of TGF-β3 generally ranges from 10-50 ng/ml.

    Storage

    Lyophilized product is very stable at -20°C. It is recommended to reconstitute with sterile water at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml, which can be further diluted in aqueous solutions as needed. Addition of a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA) is recommended for long-term storage.

    Product Description

    Recombinant human TGF-β3 expressed in E. coli and is supplied in a lyophilized form. A greater than 95% purity was determined by reverse-phase HPLC and SDS-PAGE.
    MW (kDa) 25.4
    Purity >95%
    Activity Specific activity was determined to be less than 0.05 ng/ml.

    Source / Purification

    Recombinant human TGF-β3 expressed in E. coli

    Background

    Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) proteins belong to the TGF-β superfamily of cytokines that play a critical role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, developmental patterning and morphogenesis, and disease pathogenesis (1-3). TGF-β ligands elicit signaling through three cell surface receptors: type I (RI), type II (RII), and type III (RIII) TGF-β receptors. Type I and type II receptors are serine/threonine kinases that form a heteromeric complex following ligand binding to the type II receptor. In response to ligand binding, the type II receptors form a stable complex with the type I receptors, triggering phosphorylation and activation of the type I receptor (4). This results in the recruitment of receptor-mediated SMADs (SMAD2, SMAD3), which are phosphorylated by the type I kinase in an SSXS domain in the C-terminus. This leads to recruitment of the co-SMAD (SMAD4), and subsequent translocation of this heteromeric SMAD complex to the nucleus, where it regulates transcription of target genes (5-7). The type III receptor, also known as betaglycan, is a transmembrane proteoglycan with a large extracellular domain that binds TGF-β with high affinity but lacks a cytoplasmic signaling domain. Expression of the type III receptor can regulate TGF-β signaling through presentation of the ligand to the signaling complex (8).

    Three isoforms of TGF-β, designated TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3, are encoded by distinct genes and are expressed in a tissue specific manner (10). Each isoform is synthesized as a larger precursor protein containing a propeptide region that is removed prior to secretion. Mature TGF-β contains two polypeptides linked by disulfide bonds to form a protein of approximately 25 kDa.

    Alternate Names

    Smad

    Database Links

    UniProt ID: P10600


    Entrez-Gene Id: 7043


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