14-3-3 Family Antibody Sampler Kit #9769
Product Information
Kit Usage Information
Protocols
- 5521: Western Blotting
- 5522: Western Blotting
- 7074: Western Blotting
- 7413: Western Blotting
- 9635: Western Blotting
- 9636: Western Blotting
- 9638: Western Blotting
Product Description
Specificity / Sensitivity
Each antibody in the 14-3-3 Family Antibody Sampler Kit detects endogenous levels of its respective target.
Source / Purification
Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with synthetic peptides corresponding to the sequences of human 14-3-3 ß/α, 14-3-3 ε and 14-3-3 τ proteins. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography. Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Arg80 of human 14-3-3 ζ/δ protein, Leu37 of human 14-3-3 η protein and Ile79 of human 14-3-3 γ protein.
Background
The 14-3-3 family of proteins plays a key regulatory role in signal transduction, checkpoint control, apoptotic and nutrient-sensing pathways (1,2). 14-3-3 proteins are highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed. There are at least seven isoforms, β, γ, ε, σ, ζ, τ, and η that have been identified in mammals. The initially described α and δ isoforms are confirmed to be phosphorylated forms of β and ζ, respectively (3). Through their amino-terminal α helical region, 14-3-3 proteins form homo- or heterodimers that interact with a wide variety of proteins: transcription factors, metabolic enzymes, cytoskeletal proteins, kinases, phosphatases, and other signaling molecules (3,4). The interaction of 14-3-3 proteins with their targets is primarily through a phospho-Ser/Thr motif. However, binding to divergent phospho-Ser/Thr motifs, as well as phosphorylation independent interactions has been observed (4). 14-3-3 binding masks specific sequences of the target protein, and therefore, modulates target protein localization, phosphorylation state, stability, and molecular interactions (1-4). 14-3-3 proteins may also induce target protein conformational changes that modify target protein function (4,5). Distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns of 14-3-3 isoforms have been observed in development and in acute response to extracellular signals and drugs, suggesting that 14-3-3 isoforms may perform different functions despite their sequence similarities (4). Several studies suggest that 14-3-3 isoforms are differentially regulated in cancer and neurological syndromes (2,3).
Limited Uses
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