Render Target: STATIC
Render Timestamp: 2024-12-06T10:44:21.450Z
Commit: 224419269841c11382c4555dbee545259bf6c379
XML generation date: 2024-11-20 18:01:15.211
Product last modified at: 2024-11-14T13:15:53.244Z
Cell Signaling Technology Logo
1% for the planet logo
PDP - Template Name: Antibody Sampler Kit
PDP - Template ID: *******4a3ef3a

Actin Reorganization Antibody Sampler Kit #9967

    Product Information

    Product Description

    The Actin Reorganization Antibody Sampler Kit contains reagents to examine proteins that help regulate the dynamic actin cytoskeleton. This kit includes enough primary and secondary antibodies to perform two Western blot experiments with each primary antibody.

    Specificity / Sensitivity

    All activation state antibodies only detect their target proteins when modified at the indicated site. Cofilin (D3F9) XP® Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total cofilin protein. VASP (9A2) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total VASP protein. Neither of the Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin antibodies cross-react with related phosphoproteins such as merlin or band 4.1.

    Source / Purification

    Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with synthetic peptides corresponding to central residues of human cofilin1 and residues near the carboxy terminus of human and mouse VASP. Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with synthetic phosphopeptides corresponding to residues surrounding Ser3 of human cofilin and Thr567 of human ezrin. Activation state polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptides corresponding to residues surrounding Ser157 and Ser239 of human VASP. Polyclonal antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

    Background

    Ubiquitous actin protein comprises the major structural component of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. The formation and continual reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is a key step in many biological processes, including cell motility, cytokinesis, endocytosis, embryonic development, tissue regeneration and the stress response (1). The small protein cofilin is one of a conserved family of actin-binding proteins that promote actin filament regeneration by severing preexisting filaments (2). Phosphorylation of cofilin at Ser3 by LIMK or TESK inhibits cofilin severing activity (3-5). Ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) proteins function as linker proteins and signal transducers between the plasma membrane and actin cytoskeleton. These proteins are involved in cell adhesion, membrane ruffling, and microvilli formation (6,7). Interactive cytosolic ERM proteins exist as monomers or dimers that form both intra- and intermolecular associations through their amino- and carboxy-terminal domains (8). Phosphorylation at carboxy-terminal threonine residues (Thr567 of ezrin, radixin at Thr564 and Thr558 of moesin) may alter protein conformation and disrupt these protein associations and result in ERM protein activation (9,10). Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) is an adaptor protein that links the cytoskeleton with signal transduction pathways to act in fibroblast migration, platelet activation and axon guidance (11,12). Three phosphorylation sites (Ser157, Ser239, and Thr278) have been identified, with phosphorylation of Ser239 by PKG serving as a marker for nitric oxide and cGMP signaling (13). VASP Ser157 can act as a substrate for both PKA and PKC (14,15). Active VASP appears to promote actin polymerization by restricting actin filament capping, with PKA phosphorylation inhibiting this anti-capping activity (16).
    1. Carlier, M.F. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 33827-33830.
    2. Condeelis, J. (2001) Trends Cell Biol. 11, 288-293.
    3. Arber, S. et al. (1998) Nature 393, 805-809.
    4. Yang, N. et al. (1998) Nature 393, 809-812.
    5. Toshima, J. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 31449-31458.
    6. Louvet-Vallée, S. (2000) Biol. Cell 92, 305-316.
    7. Ivetic, A. and Ridley, A.J. (2004) Immunology 112, 165-176.
    8. Matsui, T. et al. (1998) J. Cell Biol. 140, 647-657.
    9. Gautreau, A. et al. (2000) J. Cell Biol. 150, 193-203.
    10. Tran Quang, C. et al. (2000) EMBO J. 19, 4565-4576.
    11. Ball, L.J. et al. (2000) EMBO J. 19, 4903-4914.
    12. Machesky, L.M. (2000) Cell 101, 685-688.
    13. Ibarra-Alvarado, C. et al. (2002) Mol. Pharmacol. 61, 312-319.
    14. Smolenski, A. et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 20029-20035.
    15. Chitaley, K. et al. (2004) FEBS Lett. 556, 211-215.
    16. Barzik, M. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280, 28653-28662.
    For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
    Cell Signaling Technology is a trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
    All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Visit our Trademark Information page.