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PDP - Template Name: Antibody Sampler Kit
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  1. Products /
  2. Primary Antibodies /
  3. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Antibody Sampler Kit

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Antibody Sampler Kit #9782

    Product Information

    Kit Usage Information

    Protocols

    Product Description

    The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Antibody Sampler Kit provides an economical means of evaluating EMT. The kit contains enough primary antibody to perform two western blots per primary.

    Specificity / Sensitivity

    E-Cadherin (24E10) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total E-cadherin protein. The antibody does not cross-react with related family members, such as N-cadherin. N-Cadherin (D4R1H) XP® Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total N-cadherin protein. Claudin-1 (D5H1D) XP® Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total claudin-1 protein. ZO-1 (D7D12) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total ZO-1 protein. Vimentin (D21H3) XP® Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total vimentin protein. Snail (C15D3) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total Snail protein. Slug (C19G7) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total Slug protein. TCF8/ZEB1 (D80D3) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total TCF8/ZEB1 protein. ß-Catenin (D10A8) XP® Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total ß-catenin protein.

    Source / Purification

    Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Arg526 of human N-cadherin protein, a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the carboxy terminus of human claudin-1 protein, a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the carboxy terminus of human ZO-1 protein, a recombinant human Snail protein, a recombinant human Slug protein, a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Arg45 of human vimentin protein, a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Pro780 of human E-cadherin, a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Asp868 of human TCF8/ZEB1 protein, or a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Pro714 of human ß-catenin protein.

    Background

    Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential process during development whereby epithelial cells aquire mesenchymal, fibroblast-like properties and display reduced intracellular adhesion and increased motility. This is a critical feature of normal embryonic development, which is also utilized by malignant epithelial tumors to spread beyond their origin (1-3). This tightly regulated process is associated with a number of cellular and molecular events. EMT depends on a reduction in expression of cell adhesion molecules. Cadherins mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion and play critical roles in normal tissue development (4). E-cadherin is considered an active suppressor of invasion and growth of many epithelial cancers (4-6). Recent studies indicate that cancer cells have up-regulated N-cadherin in addition to loss of E-cadherin. This change in cadherin expression is called the "cadherin switch" and downregulation of E-cadherin is one of the hallmarks of EMT (1). Tight junctions, or zonula occludens, form a continuous barrier to fluids across the epithelium and endothelium. They function in regulation of paracellular permeability and in the maintenance of cell polarity, blocking the movement of transmembrane proteins between the apical and the basolateral cell surfaces. Tight junctions are composed of claudin and occludin proteins, which join the junctions to the cytoskeleton (7,8). Zona occludens proteins ZO-1, 2, and 3 (also known as TJP 1, 2, and 3) are peripheral membrane adaptor proteins that link junctional transmembrane proteins such as occludin and claudin to the actin cytoskeleton (9). ZO-1 and -2 are required for tight junction formation and function (10,11); mutations in ZO-1 and Claudin induce EMT (12). Vimentin is an intermediate filament of mesenchymal origin and is present at early developmental stages. Vimentin's dynamic structural changes and spatial re-organization in response to extracellular stimuli helps to coordinate various signaling pathways (13). β-catenin is a key downstream effector in the Wnt signaling pathway (14). It is implicated in two major biological processes in vertebrates: early embryonic development (15) and tumorigenesis (16). β-catenin also activates Slug. Slug (SNAI2) is a widely expressed transcriptional repressor and member of the Snail family of zinc finger transcription factors (17). Similar to the related Snail protein, Slug binds to the E-cadherin promoter region to repress transcription during development (18). The binding of Slug to integrin promoter sequences represses integrin expression and results in reduced cell adhesion (19). Down regulation of E-cadherin expression occurs during the EMT during embryonic development (20). ZEB family proteins are zinc finger and homeobox domain containing transcription factors. One of the targets suppressed by ZEB proteins is E-cadherin (1).

    1. Aigner, K. et al. (2007) Oncogene 26, 6979-88.
    2. Peinado, H. et al. (2007) Nat Rev Cancer 7, 415-28.
    3. Moreno-Bueno, G. et al. (2008) Oncogene 27, 6958-69.
    4. Wheelock, M.J. and Johnson, K.R. (2003) Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 19, 207-35.
    5. Christofori, G. (2003) EMBO J 22, 2318-23.
    6. Hazan, R.B. et al. (2004) Ann N Y Acad Sci 1014, 155-63.
    7. Shin, K. et al. (2006) Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 22, 207-35.
    8. Oliveira, S.S. and Morgado-Díaz, J.A. (2007) Cell Mol Life Sci 64, 17-28.
    9. Matter, K. and Balda, M.S. (2007) J Cell Sci 120, 1505-11.
    10. Hernandez, S. et al. (2007) Exp Cell Res 313, 1533-47.
    11. Umeda, K. et al. (2006) Cell 126, 741-54.
    12. Reichert, M. et al. (2000) J Biol Chem 275, 9492-500.
    13. Helfand, B.T. et al. (2004) J Cell Sci 117, 133-41.
    14. Cadigan, K.M. and Nusse, R. (1997) Genes Dev 11, 3286-305.
    15. Wodarz, A. and Nusse, R. (1998) Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 14, 59-88.
    16. Polakis, P. (1999) Curr Opin Genet Dev 9, 15-21.
    17. Inukai, T. et al. (1999) Mol Cell 4, 343-52.
    18. Bolós, V. et al. (2003) J Cell Sci 116, 499-511.
    19. Turner, F.E. et al. (2006) J Biol Chem 281, 21321-31.
    20. Barrallo-Gimeno, A. and Nieto, M.A. (2005) Development 132, 3151-61.

    Limited Uses

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    Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.

    For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
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