Render Target: STATIC
Render Timestamp: 2024-10-11T09:37:10.494Z
Commit: 56767fe525c928647c8401233a175d0d607d385d
XML generation date: 2024-08-30 10:36:32.504
Product last modified at: 2024-09-04T11:00:13.942Z
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PDP - Template Name: Monoclonal Antibody
PDP - Template ID: *******c5e4b77
R Recombinant
Recombinant: Superior lot-to-lot consistency, continuous supply, and animal-free manufacturing.

Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb (BSA and Azide Free) #71325

Filter:
  • WB
  • IHC
  • F

    Supporting Data

    REACTIVITY H
    SENSITIVITY Endogenous
    MW (kDa) 9-40
    Source/Isotype Rabbit IgG
    Application Key:
    • WB-Western Blotting 
    • IHC-Immunohistochemistry 
    • F-Flow Cytometry 
    Species Cross-Reactivity Key:
    • H-Human 

    Product Information

    Product Usage Information

    This product is the carrier free version of product #54330. All data were generated using the same antibody clone in the standard formulation which contains BSA and glycerol.

    This formulation is ideal for use with technologies requiring specialized or custom antibody labeling, including fluorophores, metals, lanthanides, and oligonucleotides. It is not recommended for ChIP, ChIP-seq, CUT&RUN or CUT&Tag assays. If you require a carrier free formulation for chromatin profiling, please contact us. Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.

    BSA and Azide Free antibodies are quality control tested by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to determine antibody integrity.

    Formulation

    Supplied in 1X PBS (10 mM Na2HPO4, 3 mM KCl, 2 mM KH2PO4, and 140 mM NaCl (pH 7.8)). BSA and Azide Free.

    For standard formulation of this product see product #54330

    Storage

    Store at -20°C. This product will freeze at -20°C so it is recommended to aliquot into single-use vials to avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles. A slight precipitate may be present and can be dissolved by gently vortexing. This will not interfere with antibody performance.

    Specificity / Sensitivity

    Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb (BSA and Azide Free) recognizes endogenous levels of total galectin-9 protein.

    Species Reactivity:

    Human

    Source / Purification

    Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with recombinant human galectin-9 protein.

    Background

    Galectins are a family of β-galactose binding proteins that are characterized by an affinity for poly-N-acetyllactosamine-enriched glycoconjugates and a carbohydrate-binding site (1,2). Members of the galectin family have been implicated in a variety of biological functions, including cell adhesion (3), growth regulation (4), cytokine production (5), T-cell apoptosis (6), and immune responses (7).

    Galectin-9 is induced by proinflammatory stimuli, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TLR ligands, and regulates various immune responses through interaction with its ligand TIM-3 (8, 9). Binding of galectin-9 to TIM-3 expressed by Th1 CD4 T cells resulted in T cell death (9). On the other hand, galectin-9 treatment of tumor-bearing mice increased the number of IFN-γ-producing TIM-3+ CD8 T cells and TIM-3+ dendritic cells (10). Transgenic overexpression of either TIM-3 or galectin-9 in mice led to an increase in cells with a myeloid-derived suppressor cell phenotype and inhibition of immune responses (11). CD44 is also proposed to be a receptor for galectin-9, and interaction of galectin-9 with CD44 expressed by induced regulatory T (iTreg) cells enhanced the stability of function of iTreg cells. In addition, galectin-9 was recently demonstrated to bind Dectin-1 expressed by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-infiltrating macrophages, resulting in tolerogenic macrophage reprogramming and suppression of anti-tumor immunity. Increased galectin-9 expression has been observed in several cancer types, including lung, liver, breast, and kidney (12). Alternative splicing of the galectin-9 transcript leads to several isoforms (13).
    For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
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