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PDP - Template Name: Antibody Sampler Kit
PDP - Template ID: *******4a3ef3a
  1. Products /
  2. Primary Antibodies /
  3. Huntingtin Interaction Antibody Sampler Kit

Huntingtin Interaction Antibody Sampler Kit #89985

    Product Information

    Kit Usage Information

    Protocols

    Product Description

    The Huntingtin Interaction Antibody Sampler kit provides an economical means of detecting transcription-related proteins that interact with Huntingtin (Htt). This kit contains enough antibody to perform two western blot experiments per primary antibody.

    Specificity / Sensitivity

    Unless otherwise indicated, each antibody will recognize endogenous levels of total target protein. SUMO-1 (C9H1) Rabbit mAb detects recombinant SUMO-1 and endogenous levels of sumoylated proteins (e.g. SUMO-1-RanGAP at 90 kD). SUMO-1 (C9H1) Rabbit mAb does not detect recombinant SUMO-2 or SUMO-3. ACF1 Antibody recognizes endogenous levels of total ACF1 protein (isoforms 1 and 2).

    Source / Purification

    Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the residues surrounding Asp69 of human PPARγ, amino terminus of the human CtBP1 protein, full-length human p53 fusion protein, amino terminus of human SUMO-1, or residues surrounding Ile415 of mouse NF-kB1 P105/p50 protein. Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponds to the residues surrounding Met864 of human ACF1 protein. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography

    Background

    Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) is a member of the ligand-activated nuclear receptor superfamily and functions as a transcriptional activator (1). Besides its role in mediating adipogenesis and lipid metabolism (2), PPAR gamma also modulates insulin sensitivity, cell proliferation and inflammation (3). CtBP1 is able to regulate gene activity through its intrinsic dehydrogenase activity (4,5) and by interacting with Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins during development (6). Along with its homologue, CtBP2, it acts as a transcriptional corepressor of zinc-finger homeodomain factor deltaEF1 to regulate a wide range of cellular processes through transrepression mechanisms (7). The p53 tumor suppressor protein plays a major role in cellular response to DNA damage and other genomic aberrations. Activation of p53 can lead to either cell cycle arrest and DNA repair or apoptosis (8). DNA damage induces phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 and Ser20 and leads to a reduced interaction between p53 and its negative regulator, the oncoprotein MDM2 (9). MDM2 inhibits p53 accumulation by targeting it for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation (10,11). Phosphorylation impairs the ability of MDM2 to bind p53, promoting both the accumulation and activation of p53 in response to DNA damage (9,12). Acetylation appears to play a positive role in the accumulation of p53 protein in stress response (13). Deacetylation of p53 occurs through interaction with the SIRT1 protein, a deacetylase that may be involved in cellular aging and the DNA damage response (14). Small ubiquitin-related modifier 1, 2 and 3 (SUMO-1, -2 and -3) are members of the ubiquitin-like protein family (15). The covalent attachment of the SUMO-1, -2 or -3 (SUMOylation) to target proteins is analogous to ubiquitination. Ubiquitin and the individual SUMO family members are all targeted to different proteins with diverse biological functions. Ubiquitin predominantly regulates degradation of its target (1). In contrast, SUMO-1 is conjugated to RanGAP, PML, p53 and IkB-alpha to regulate nuclear trafficking, formation of subnuclear structures, regulation of transcriptional activity and protein stability (16-20). Transcription factors of the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kB)/Rel family play a pivotal role in inflammatory and immune responses (21, 22). In unstimulated cells, NF-kB is sequestered in the cytoplasm by IkB inhibitory proteins (23-25). NF-kB-activating agents can induce the phosphorylation of IkB proteins, targeting them for rapid degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and releasing NF-kB to enter the nucleus where it regulates gene expression (26-28). ACF1 (BAZ1A) has distinct roles in development (29), regulation of chromatin structure (30), and DNA damage response (31, 32). Different developmental stages dictate the expression of ACF1 in Drosophila, and alterations in ACF1 expression during Drosophila development leads to deviation from normal chromatin organization (29).

    1. Tontonoz, P. et al. (1995) Curr Opin Genet Dev 5, 571-6.
    2. Rosen, E.D. et al. (1999) Mol Cell 4, 611-7.
    3. Murphy, G.J. and Holder, J.C. (2000) Trends Pharmacol Sci 21, 469-74.
    4. Balasubramanian, P. et al. (2003) FEBS Lett 537, 157-60.
    5. Kumar, V. et al. (2002) Mol Cell 10, 857-69.
    6. Sewalt, R.G. et al. (1999) Mol Cell Biol 19, 777-87.
    7. Furusawa, T. et al. (1999) Mol Cell Biol 19, 8581-90.
    8. Levine, A.J. (1997) Cell 88, 323-31.
    9. Shieh, S.Y. et al. (1997) Cell 91, 325-34.
    10. Chehab, N.H. et al. (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96, 13777-82.
    11. Honda, R. et al. (1997) FEBS Lett 420, 25-7.
    12. Tibbetts, R.S. et al. (1999) Genes Dev 13, 152-7.
    13. Ito, A. et al. (2001) EMBO J 20, 1331-40.
    14. Solomon, J.M. et al. (2006) Mol Cell Biol 26, 28-38.
    15. Schwartz, D.C. and Hochstrasser, M. (2003) Trends Biochem Sci 28, 321-8.
    16. Matunis, M.J. et al. (1996) J Cell Biol 135, 1457-70.
    17. Duprez, E. et al. (1999) J Cell Sci 112 ( Pt 3), 381-93.
    18. Gostissa, M. et al. (1999) EMBO J 18, 6462-71.
    19. Rodriguez, M.S. et al. (1999) EMBO J 18, 6455-61.
    20. Desterro, J.M. et al. (1998) Mol Cell 2, 233-9.
    21. Baeuerle, P.A. and Henkel, T. (1994) Annu Rev Immunol 12, 141-79.
    22. Baeuerle, P.A. and Baltimore, D. (1996) Cell 87, 13-20.
    23. Haskill, S. et al. (1991) Cell 65, 1281-9.
    24. Thompson, J.E. et al. (1995) Cell 80, 573-82.
    25. Whiteside, S.T. et al. (1997) EMBO J 16, 1413-26.
    26. Traenckner, E.B. et al. (1995) EMBO J 14, 2876-83.
    27. Scherer, D.C. et al. (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92, 11259-63.
    28. Chen, Z.J. et al. (1996) Cell 84, 853-62.
    29. Chioda, M. et al. (2010) Development 137, 3513-22.
    30. Ho, L. and Crabtree, G.R. (2010) Nature 463, 474-84.
    31. Sánchez-Molina, S. et al. (2011) Nucleic Acids Res 39, 8445-56.
    32. Lan, L. et al. (2010) Mol Cell 40, 976-87.

    Database Links

    UniProt ID: P04637 , Q13363 , P37231 , P25799 , Q9NRL2 , P63165


    Entrez-Gene Id: 7157 , 1487 , 5468 , 18033 , 11177 , 7341


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