IRAK Isoform Antibody Sampler Kit #4769
Product Information
Kit Usage Information
Protocols
- 4363: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Agarose)
- 4367: Western Blotting
- 4369: Western Blotting
- 4504: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Agarose), Flow
- 7074: Western Blotting
Product Description
Specificity / Sensitivity
Each antibody in the IRAK Isoform Antibody Sampler Kit detects endogenous levels of its indicated target. Cross-reactivity has not been detected with other family members at endogenous levels.
Source / Purification
Antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the carboxy-terminus of murine IRAK1, human IRAK2, human IRAK-M, and surrounding Lys41 of human IRAK4.
Background
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) is a serine/threonine-specific kinase that can be coprecipitated in an IL-1-inducible manner with the IL-1 receptor (1). The mammalian family of IRAK molecules contains four members (IRAK1, IRAK2, IRAK3/IRAK-M, and IRAK4). The binding of IL-1 to IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) initiates the formation of a complex that includes IL-1RI, AcP, MyD88, and IRAKs (2). IRAK undergoes autophosphorylation shortly after IL-1 stimulation. The subsequent events involve IRAK dissociation from the IL-1RI complex, its ubiquitination, and its association with two membrane-bound proteins: TAB2 and TRAF6. The resulting IRAK-TRAF6-TAB2 complex is then released into the cytoplasm where it activates protein kinase cascades, including TAK1, IKKs, and the stress-activated kinases (3).
Upon IL-1R/TLR (Toll-Like Receptor) ligation, IRAK1 and IRAK4 are rapidly recruited to the receptor by the adaptor MyD88 (4). IRAK1 is phosphorylated by IRAK4 at Thr209 and Thr387 (5), followed by sequential autohyperphosphorylation in various domains. Unlike IRAK1 and IRAK4, IRAK2 and IRAK-M do not have significant kinase activity although they can still activate NF-κB when overexpressed (6,7). Antisense oligonucleotide depletion of IRAK2 can inhibit IL-1 mediated NF-κB activation (8). Expression of IRAK-M is more restricted compared to other family members with highest levels of expression occurring in monocytes/macrophages (6). Studies from IRAK-M knockout mice suggest that it may play a role as a negative regulator of TLR signaling and innate immune responses by preventing the dissociation of IRAK1 and IRAK4 from MyD88 and the subsequent formation of its complex with TRAF6 (9).
- Dinarello, C.A. (1996) Blood 87, 2095-147.
- Takaesu, G. et al. (2001) Mol Cell Biol 21, 2475-84.
- Janssens, S. and Beyaert, R. (2003) Mol Cell 11, 293-302.
- Gottipati, S. et al. (2008) Cell Signal 20, 269-76.
- Kollewe, C. et al. (2004) J Biol Chem 279, 5227-36.
- Wesche, H. et al. (1999) J Biol Chem 274, 19403-10.
- Muzio, M. et al. (1997) Science 278, 1612-5.
- Guo, F. et al. (1999) Inflammation 23, 535-43.
- Kobayashi, K. et al. (2002) Cell 110, 191-202.
Limited Uses
Except as otherwise expressly agreed in a writing signed by a legally authorized representative of CST, the following terms apply to Products provided by CST, its affiliates or its distributors. Any Customer's terms and conditions that are in addition to, or different from, those contained herein, unless separately accepted in writing by a legally authorized representative of CST, are rejected and are of no force or effect.
Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.