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Render Timestamp: 2024-10-11T10:59:58.326Z
Commit: 56767fe525c928647c8401233a175d0d607d385d
XML generation date: 2024-08-23 16:01:15.113
Product last modified at: 2024-09-13T12:15:10.733Z
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PDP - Template Name: Antibody Sampler Kit
PDP - Template ID: *******4a3ef3a

NF-κB Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit II #64662

    Product Information

    Product Description

    The NF-κB Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit II contains reagents to examine the activation state and total protein levels of key proteins in the NF-κB pathway: IKKα, IKKβ, NF-κB p65/RelA, and IκBα. The kit includes enough antibodies to perform two western blot experiments with each primary antibody.

    Specificity / Sensitivity

    Each antibody in the NF-κB Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit II detects endogenous levels of its target protein. IKKβ (D30C6) Rabbit mAb does not cross-react with other IKK family members. Phospho-IKKα/β (Ser176/180) (16A6) Rabbit mAb detects IKKα only when phosphorylated at Ser176/180 and IKKβ only when phosphorylated at Ser177/181. Phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser529) Antibody recognizes endogenous levels of NF-κB p65 protein only when phosphorylated at Ser529. Phospho-IκBα (Ser32) (14D4) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of IκBα only when phosphorylated at Ser32. NF-κB p65 (D14E12) XP® Rabbit mAb does not cross-react with other NF-κB/Rel family members. Phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser536) (93H1) Rabbit mAb detects NF-κB p65 only when phosphorylated at Ser536. It does not cross-react with the p50 subunit or other related proteins.

    Source / Purification

    Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with synthetic peptides corresponding to residues near the carboxy termini of human IKKβ and IκBα, or residues surrounding Glu498 of human NF-κB p65/RelA, Ser176/180 of human IKKα, Ser32 of human IκBα, Ser536 of human NF-κB p65, Ser529 of human NF-κB p65, and Ile415 of mouse NF-κB1 p105/p50; with recombinant protein specific to a central region of human IKKα protein.

    Background

    The transcriptional nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/Rel transcription factors are present in the cytosol in an inactive state, complexed with the inhibitory IκB proteins. Activation occurs via phosphorylation of IκBα at Ser32 and Ser36, resulting in the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome-dependent degradation of IκBα and the release and nuclear translocation of active NF-κB dimers. The regulation of IκBβ and IκBε is similar to that of IκBα, however, the phosphorylation and degradation of these proteins occurs with much slower kinetics. Phosphorylation of IκBβ occurs at Ser/Thr19 and Ser23, while IκBε can be phosphorylated at Ser18 and Ser22. The key regulatory step in this pathway involves activation of a high molecular weight IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex, consisting of three tightly associated IKK subunits. IKKα and IKKβ serve as the catalytic subunits of the kinase. Activation of IKK depends on phosphorylation at Ser177 and Ser181 in the activation loop of IKKβ (176 and 180 in IKKα). NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), and its homolog IKKε (IKKi), phosphorylate and activate IKKα and IKKβ.
    The NF-κB family of transcription factors is comprised of five proteins in mammals, p65/RelA, c-Rel, RelB, NF-κB1 (p105/p50), and NF-κB2 (p100/p52). p105 and p100 are proteolytically processed to produce p50 and p52, respectively. The 50 kDa active form is produced through proteolytic processing following IKK-mediated phosphorylation of p105 at multiple sites (Ser922, 924, 928, and 933), while p100's processing to p52 is induced by phosphorylation of Ser864 and Ser868. The p50 and p52 products form dimeric complexes with Rel proteins, which are then able to bind DNA and regulate transcription. Phosphorylation of p65/RelA at Ser276 by PKA C and MSK1 enhances transcriptional activity. p65 phosphorylation at Ser536 regulates activation, nuclear localization, protein-protein interactions, and transcriptional activity. PMA-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity is dependent on the region of p65 containing the potential phosphorylation sites Ser457, Thr458, Thr464, and Ser468. Phosphorylation of Ser468 by GSK-3β inhibits basal p65 activity.
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