Recombinant antibodies offer several key advantages compared to traditional antibodies. These include superior lot-to-lot consistency, continuous supply, and animal-free manufacturing. As such, recombinant antibodies are seeing increased use for scientific research, especially as a means of addressing the ongoing reproducibility crisis.
Traditional polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are the product of normal B cell development and genetic recombination. They are generated by immunizing an animal with an antigen to elicit an immune response. While polyclonal antibodies are secreted by many different B cell clones and recognize multiple antigenic epitopes, monoclonals originate from a single B cell clone and are specific for just one epitope.
Recombinant antibodies are monoclonal, but their production involves in vitro genetic manipulation. After cloning the antibody genes into an expression vector, this is then transfected into an appropriate host cell line for antibody expression. Mammalian cell lines are most commonly used for recombinant antibody production, although cell lines of bacterial, yeast, or insect origin are also suitable.
Because recombinant antibody production involves sequencing the antibody light and heavy chains, it is a highly controlled and reliable process. In contrast, hybridoma-based systems for producing monoclonal antibodies are subject to genetic drift and instability, increasing the potential for lot-to-lot variability or loss of antibody expression. Recombinant antibodies are highly consistent from lot to lot, thereby ensuring reproducible experimental results.
In vitro methods for producing antibodies are amenable to large-scale production, meaning antibody availability is unlikely to become a limiting factor. Moreover, since the recombinant antibody sequence is known, continuity of supply is assured; in situations where an antibody will be used to support large, long-term studies, this can be an especially critical factor.
Unlike traditional methods for antibody production, recombinant approaches avoid the need to use animals. Where polyclonal antibodies are purified directly from the serum of the immunized host, and monoclonals are purified from either hybridoma-derived tissue culture supernatant or ascites, recombinant antibodies are instead purified from the tissue culture supernatants of transfected host cell lines. Regardless of whether an antibody is polyclonal, monoclonal or recombinant, it must always be properly validated in the intended application prior to experimental use. At CST, we adhere to the Hallmarks of Antibody Validation™, six complementary strategies for determining the specificity, sensitivity, and functionality of an antibody in any given assay. By carefully tailoring these strategies to each antibody product, we guarantee that CST antibodies will work as expected, to help you achieve results you can trust.
| Cat. # | Size | Qty. | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16864SF | 100 µg |
|
| REACTIVITY | H M R Mk |
| SENSITIVITY | Endogenous |
| MW (kDa) | 100 |
| Source/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
Product Information
Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Gly53 of human nucleolin protein.
Nucleolin is a multi-functional protein that is one of the major components of the nucleoli (1). Nucleolin plays an essential role in various steps of ribosome biogenesis including rRNA synthesis, processing of pre-rRNA, pre-ribosomal RNA assembly, and transport of ribosomal proteins out of the nucleus (1-3). While the main function of nucleolin is ribosome biogenesis, it plays an important role in various other nuclear activities. Down regulation of nucleolin leads to increased expression of p53, defects in genome duplication, and a delay at prometaphase during mitosis leading to cell cycle arrest (4-6). In addition, nucleolin has been found in a complex with Rad51 and may participate in DNA repair by homologous recombination (7). Nucleolin binds to the catalytic subunit of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase, hTERT, and is thought to be involved in telomere maintenance (8). Nucleolin also possesses histone chaperone activity and is able to enhance the chromatin remodeling efficiency of SWItch/Sucrose Non Fermentable (SWI/SNF) and ATP-dependent chromatin-assembly factor (ACF), remove histone H2A-H2B dimers from nucleosomes, and facilitate the passage of RNA polymerase through chromatin (9).
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