Parthanatos Antibody Sampler Kit #26768
Product Information
Kit Usage Information
Protocols
- 5318: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Agarose), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Immunofluorescence, Immunofluorescence
- 7074: Western Blotting
- 9532: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Agarose)
- 75038: Western Blotting, Immunofluorescence, Immunofluorescence
- 89190: Western Blotting, Immunofluorescence*
Product Description
Specificity / Sensitivity
Each antibody in the Parthanatos Antibody Sampler Kit detects endogenous levels of its target protein. PARP (46D11) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total full-length PARP-1 and the large fragment (89 kDa) produced by caspase cleavage at Asp214. This antibody does not cross-react with PARP-2 or PARP-3. Poly/Mono-ADP Ribose (D9P7Z) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of ADP-ribosylated proteins and does not cross-react with other post-translational modifications.
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with synthetic peptides corresponding to residues surrounding Gly623 of human PARP-1, Ala520 of human AIF, and Tyr100 of human MIF protein, or with KLH modified on lysines with ADP ribose.
Background
Parthanatos is a form of regulated cell death that follows a multistep cascade and is triggered by the accumulation of poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR). When PAR polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is overactivated under certain conditions, excessive PAR is produced and binds to apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). As a result, AIF is released from the mitochondria and forms a complex with macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Subsequently, the AIF/MIF complex is translocated to the nucleus where MIF cleaves genomic DNA into large fragments, and cell death follows (1-3). Studies have found that parthanatos is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (4-7).
- Fatokun, A.A. et al. (2014) Br J Pharmacol 171, 2000-16.
- Wang, Y. et al. (2016) Science 354, aad6872. doi: 10.1126/science.aad6872.
- Liu, L. et al. (2022) Cell Mol Life Sci 79, 60.
- Park, H. et al. (2020) Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 353, 1-29.
- Wang, X. and Ge, P. (2020) Neuroscience 449, 241-250.
- Zhou, Y. et al. (2021) Pharmacol Res 163, 105299.
- Thapa, K. et al. (2021) Life Sci 267, 118975.
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