Phospho-Atg4B (Ser383) (E3I8M) Rabbit mAb #40592
- WB
- IP
- IF
Supporting Data
| REACTIVITY | H M R |
| SENSITIVITY | Endogenous |
| MW (kDa) | 48 |
| Source/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
Application Key:
- WB-Western Blotting
- IP-Immunoprecipitation
- IF-Immunofluorescence
Species Cross-Reactivity Key:
- H-Human
- M-Mouse
- R-Rat
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
| Immunoprecipitation | 1:200 |
| Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry) | 1:400 - 1:1600 |
Storage
Protocol
Specificity / Sensitivity
Phospho-Atg4B (Ser383) (E3I8M) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of Atg4B protein only when phosphorylated at Ser383.
Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse, Rat
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser383 of human Atg4B protein.
Background
Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents. Control of autophagy was largely discovered in yeast and involves proteins encoded by a set of autophagy-related genes (Atg) (1). Formation of autophagic vesicles requires a pair of essential ubiquitin-like conjugation systems, Atg12-Atg5 and Atg8-phosphatidylethanolamine (Atg8-PE), which are widely conserved in eukaryotes (2). Numerous mammalian counterparts to yeast Atg proteins have been described, including three Atg8 proteins (GATE-16, GABARAP, and LC3) and four Atg4 homologs (Atg4A/autophagin-2, Atg4B/autophagin-1, Atg4C/autophagin-3, and Atg4D/autophagin-4) (3-5). The cysteine protease Atg4 is pivotal to autophagosome membrane generation and regulation. Atg4 primes the Atg8 homolog for lipidation by cleaving its carboxy terminus and exposing its glycine residue for E1-like enzyme Atg7. The Atg8 homolog is transferred to the E2-like enzyme Atg3 before forming the Atg8-PE conjugate. During later stages of autophagy, Atg4 can reverse this lipidation event by cleaving PE, thereby recycling the Atg8 homolog (6).
Phosphorylation of Atg4B by MST4 increases its activity and autophagic flux (7).
- Reggiori, F. and Klionsky, D.J. (2002) Eukaryot Cell 1, 11-21.
- Ohsumi, Y. (2001) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2, 211-6.
- Kabeya, Y. et al. (2000) EMBO J 19, 5720-8.
- Kabeya, Y. et al. (2004) J Cell Sci 117, 2805-12.
- Mariño, G. et al. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 3671-8.
- Sou, Y.S. et al. (2008) Mol Biol Cell 19, 4762-75.
- Huang, T. et al. (2017) Cancer Cell 32, 840-855.e8.
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