Recombinant antibodies offer several key advantages compared to traditional antibodies. These include superior lot-to-lot consistency, continuous supply, and animal-free manufacturing. As such, recombinant antibodies are seeing increased use for scientific research, especially as a means of addressing the ongoing reproducibility crisis.
Traditional polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are the product of normal B cell development and genetic recombination. They are generated by immunizing an animal with an antigen to elicit an immune response. While polyclonal antibodies are secreted by many different B cell clones and recognize multiple antigenic epitopes, monoclonals originate from a single B cell clone and are specific for just one epitope.
Recombinant antibodies are monoclonal, but their production involves in vitro genetic manipulation. After cloning the antibody genes into an expression vector, this is then transfected into an appropriate host cell line for antibody expression. Mammalian cell lines are most commonly used for recombinant antibody production, although cell lines of bacterial, yeast, or insect origin are also suitable.
Because recombinant antibody production involves sequencing the antibody light and heavy chains, it is a highly controlled and reliable process. In contrast, hybridoma-based systems for producing monoclonal antibodies are subject to genetic drift and instability, increasing the potential for lot-to-lot variability or loss of antibody expression. Recombinant antibodies are highly consistent from lot to lot, thereby ensuring reproducible experimental results.
In vitro methods for producing antibodies are amenable to large-scale production, meaning antibody availability is unlikely to become a limiting factor. Moreover, since the recombinant antibody sequence is known, continuity of supply is assured; in situations where an antibody will be used to support large, long-term studies, this can be an especially critical factor.
Unlike traditional methods for antibody production, recombinant approaches avoid the need to use animals. Where polyclonal antibodies are purified directly from the serum of the immunized host, and monoclonals are purified from either hybridoma-derived tissue culture supernatant or ascites, recombinant antibodies are instead purified from the tissue culture supernatants of transfected host cell lines. Regardless of whether an antibody is polyclonal, monoclonal or recombinant, it must always be properly validated in the intended application prior to experimental use. At CST, we adhere to the Hallmarks of Antibody Validation™, six complementary strategies for determining the specificity, sensitivity, and functionality of an antibody in any given assay. By carefully tailoring these strategies to each antibody product, we guarantee that CST antibodies will work as expected, to help you achieve results you can trust.
| Cat. # | Size | Qty. | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| 72033SF | 100 µg |
|
| REACTIVITY | H |
| SENSITIVITY | Endogenous |
| MW (kDa) | 13 |
| Source/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
Product Information
Human
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Val33 of human TFF1/pS2 protein.
The trefoil factor (TFF) family of proteins (TFF1/pS2, TFF2, and TFF3) are a group of highly conserved, secreted polypeptides that are expressed by mucus-secreting cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Within the gastrointestinal tract, TFFs display both common and distinct expression patterns (1). Collectively, the TFF family of proteins play a prominant role in the protection and repair of the mucous epithelia lining the gastrointestinal tract through their interactions with mucins (2). TFFs have been shown to regulate a number of cellular processes such as migration, apoptosis, and proliferation. In humans, dysregulated expression of TFFs has been observed in inflammatory bowel diseases as well as tumors of the breast, colon, lung, and stomach (2).
TFF1/pS2 is a gastric peptide that is highly expressed by mucosal goblet cells of the stomach, where it is thought to play a role in maintaining the integrity of the epithelial layer of the mucosa through the regulation of cell-cell adhesion and cell migration (2,3). Research studies have shown that TFF1 functions as a tumor suppressor in the stomach as its expression is frequently lost in gastric carcinomas, largely due to promoter hypermethylation (4-8). Research studies have also demonstrated that TFF1 is a transcriptional target of estrogen receptor-α and that TFF1 expression in breast carcinoma may be used as a predictive biomarker for response to anti-estrogen therapy (9,10).
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