p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) Control Cell Extracts #9194

Product Usage Information

Boil for 3 minutes prior to use. Load 15 μl of nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) Control Cell Extracts per lane.

Storage:

Supplied in SDS Sample Buffer: 62.5 mM Tris-HCl(pH 6.8 at 25°C), 2% w/v SDS, 10% glycerol, 50 mM DTT,0.01% w/v bromophenol blue or phenol red.Store at –20°C or –80°C for long-term storage.

Product Description

Nonphosphorylated p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) Control Cell Extracts: Total cell extracts from Jurkat cells treated with U0126 (MEK1/2 Inhibitor) #9903 at 10 μM for 1 hour, to serve as a negative control. Supplied in SDS Sample Buffer.

Phosphorylated p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) Control Cell Extracts: Total cell extracts from Jurkat cells treated with TPA #4174 at 200 nM for 20 minutes, to serve as a positive control. Supplied in SDS Sample Buffer.

Background

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a widely conserved family of serine/threonine protein kinases involved in many cellular programs, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and death. The p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) signaling pathway can be activated in response to a diverse range of extracellular stimuli including mitogens, growth factors, and cytokines (1-3), and research investigators consider it an important target in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer (4). Upon stimulation, a sequential three-part protein kinase cascade is initiated, consisting of a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK or MAP3K), a MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK or MAP2K), and a MAP kinase (MAPK). Multiple p44/42 MAP3Ks have been identified, including members of the Raf family, as well as Mos and Tpl2/COT. MEK1 and MEK2 are the primary MAPKKs in this pathway (5,6). MEK1 and MEK2 activate p44 and p42 through phosphorylation of activation loop residues Thr202/Tyr204 and Thr185/Tyr187, respectively. Several downstream targets of p44/42 have been identified, including p90RSK (7) and the transcription factor Elk-1 (8,9). p44/42 are negatively regulated by a family of dual-specificity (Thr/Tyr) MAPK phosphatases, known as DUSPs or MKPs (10), along with MEK inhibitors, such as U0126 and PD98059.

1. Roux, P.P. and Blenis, J. (2004) Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 68, 320-44.
2. Baccarini, M. (2005) FEBS Lett 579, 3271-7.
3. Meloche, S. and Pouysségur, J. (2007) Oncogene 26, 3227-39.
4. Roberts, P.J. and Der, C.J. (2007) Oncogene 26, 3291-310.
5. Rubinfeld, H. and Seger, R. (2005) Mol Biotechnol 31, 151-74.
6. Murphy, L.O. and Blenis, J. (2006) Trends Biochem Sci 31, 268-75.
7. Dalby, K.N. et al. (1998) J Biol Chem 273, 1496-505.
8. Marais, R. et al. (1993) Cell 73, 381-93.
9. Kortenjann, M. et al. (1994) Mol Cell Biol 14, 4815-24.
10. Owens, D.M. and Keyse, S.M. (2007) Oncogene 26, 3203-13.