Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control #3900 (left). Anti-rabbit IgG (H+L), F(ab')2 Fragment (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate) #4412 was used as a secondary antibody.
| Cat. # | Size | Qty. | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| 81490T | 1 Kit (9 x 20 microliters) |
|
| Product Includes | Quantity | Applications | Reactivity | MW(kDa) | Isotype |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tox/Tox2 (E6G5O) Rabbit mAb 36778 | 20 µl |
|
H M R | 60-80 | Rabbit IgG |
| TCF1/TCF7 (C63D9) Rabbit mAb 2203 | 20 µl |
|
H M | 48, 50 | Rabbit IgG |
| EOMES (D8D1R) Rabbit mAb 81493 | 20 µl |
|
H | 75, 85 | Rabbit IgG |
| PD-1 (Intracellular Domain) (D4W2J) XP® Rabbit mAb 86163 | 20 µl |
|
H | 52-65 | Rabbit IgG |
| CTLA-4 (E1V6T) Rabbit mAb 96399 | 20 µl |
|
H | 25-30 | Rabbit IgG |
| TIGIT (E5Y1W) XP® Rabbit mAb 99567 | 20 µl |
|
H | 18, 30-40 | Rabbit IgG |
| LAG3 (D2G4O™) XP® Rabbit mAb 15372 | 20 µl |
|
H | 60-80 | Rabbit IgG |
| TIM-3 (D5D5R™) XP® Rabbit mAb 45208 | 20 µl |
|
H | 45-70 | Rabbit IgG |
| 2B4/SLAMF4/CD244 (D5J9D) Rabbit mAb 54560 | 20 µl |
|
H M | 70-120 | Rabbit IgG |
| Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody 7074 | 100 µl |
|
Goat |
Product Information
Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Gln435 of human Tox protein, Pro96 of human TCF1/TCF7 protein, Pro180 of human EOMES protein, Ala274 of human PD-1 protein, Leu95 of human CTLA-4 protein, and Asp367 of human 2B4/SLAMF4/CD244 protein. Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a recombinant protein specific to the carboxy terminus of human TIGIT protein, the extracellular domain of human TIM-3 protein, and the amino terminus of human LAG3 protein.
Tox, TCF1/TCF7, and EOMES play key roles in T cell development. Tox is also induced by high antigen stimulation during chronic viral infection or cancer, regulating T cell persistence and exhaustion. TCF1/TCF7 preserves the effector function of exhausted T cells during viral infection or cancer. EOMES is a key transcription factor for memory T cells and for full effector differentiation of CD8+ T cells. Expression of EOMES is induced in CD8+ T cells following viral infection and bacterial infection, and high levels of EOMES promotes T cell exhaustion. The dynamic expression of these transcription factors help characterize the extent to which a T cell is exhausted and will respond to antigen stimulation (1-5)
PD-1 (PDCD1, CD279), CTLA-4 (CD152), TIGIT (VSIG9, VSTM3), TIM-3 (HAVCR2), LAG3 (CD223), and 2B4 (SLAMF4, CD244) are immune cell co-inhibitory receptors (also known as immune checkpoints) that negatively regulate T cell function and dampen the immune response to pathogens and cancer. In addition to activated T cells, PD-1 is expressed by activated B cells and monocytes. Following interaction with its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, PD-1 is phosphorylated at ITIM and ITSM motifs leading to recruitment of protein tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2 and suppression of TCR signaling. CTLA-4 protein is primarily expressed on T cells, including CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, CD4+ helper T cells, and CD4+/FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. CTLA-4 protein competes with CD28 for B7.1 (CD80) and B7.2 (CD86) binding at the cell surface, resulting in downregulation of T cell activity. TIGIT is expressed at low levels on subsets of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, and is upregulated at the protein level following activation of these cells. TIGIT marks exhausted T cells in the tumor microenvironment and during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. TIM-3 is expressed by exhausted T cells in the settings of chronic infection and cancer. Tumor-infiltrating macrophages and dendritic cells also express TIM-3. LAG3 is primarily expressed by activated CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, FoxP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs), and NK cells. 2B4 is a heterophilic cell surface receptor expressed on a variety of immune cells, including NK cells, T cells, eosinophils, mast cells, and dendritic cells. 2B4 has been shown to have both immune stimulatory and inhibitory effects on cells. Co-expression of multiple immune checkpoints help characterize the extent to which a T cell is exhausted and will respond to antigen stimulation. Therapeutic blockade of several of these immune checkpoint receptors is a promising strategy for neoplastic intervention by enabling anti-tumor immune responses (6-13).
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