Human-Reactive STING Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit #38866
Product Information
Kit Usage Information
Protocols
- 3504: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Magnetic)
- 5483: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Agarose), Immunofluorescence, Flow
- 7074: Western Blotting
- 11904: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Magnetic), Immunofluorescence
- 13647: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Agarose), Immunohistochemistry (Leica® Bond™), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
- 15102: Western Blotting
- 29047: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Agarose), Immunofluorescence*, Flow
- 50907: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Magnetic), Immunofluorescence, Flow
Product Description
Specificity / Sensitivity
Each antibody in the Human-Reactive STING Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit detects endogenous levels of its target protein. Phospho-STING (Ser366) (E9A9K) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of STING protein only when phosphorylated at Ser366. Phospho-TBK1/NAK (Ser172) (D52C2) XP® Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of TBK1 only when phosphorylated at Ser172. Phospho-TBK1/NAK (Ser172) (D52C2) XP® Rabbit mAb may cross-react with phospho-IKKε. Phospho-IRF-3 (Ser396) (D6O1M) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of IRF-3 protein only when phosphorylated at Ser396.
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic peptides corresponding to residues surrounding Ala19 of human cGAS protein, Ser645 of human TBK1/NAK, Pro226 of human STING, and recombinant human IRF-3 protein. Phosphorylation-specific monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic peptides corresponding to residues surrounding Ser366 of human STING protein, Ser172 of human TBK1, and Ser396 of human IRF-3.
Background
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING, TMEM173, MITA) is a transmembrane adaptor protein that is a critical component of the cellular innate immune response to pathogenic cytoplasmic DNA (1,2). STING is a ubiquitously expressed protein found predominantly in the ER (1). The enzyme cGAMP synthase (cGAS) produces the second messenger cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP) in response to cytoplasmic DNA (3,4). cGAMP binds and activates STING (3,4). In addition, detection of cytoplasmic DNA by nucleic acid sensors, including DDX41 or IFI16, results in STING activation (5,6). Following activation, STING translocates with TBK1 to perinuclear endosomes and gets phosphorylated by ULK1 at Ser366 (Ser365 in mouse) (7,8). The TBK1 kinase phosphorylates and activates IRF-3 and NF-κB, which leads to the induction of type I interferon and other immune response genes (1,2,7).
- Ishikawa, H. and Barber, G.N. (2008) Nature 455, 674-8.
- Zhong, B. et al. (2008) Immunity 29, 538-50.
- Sun, L. et al. (2013) Science 339, 786-91.
- Wu, J. et al. (2013) Science 339, 826-30.
- Zhang, Z. et al. (2011) Nat Immunol 12, 959-65.
- Unterholzner, L. et al. (2010) Nat Immunol 11, 997-1004.
- Ishikawa, H. et al. (2009) Nature 461, 788-92.
- Konno, H. et al. (2013) Cell 155, 688-98.
Limited Uses
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