MDA-5 (D74E4) Rabbit mAb #5321
- WB
- IP
Supporting Data
| REACTIVITY | H M |
| SENSITIVITY | Endogenous |
| MW (kDa) | 135 |
| Source/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
Application Key:
- WB-Western Blotting
- IP-Immunoprecipitation
Species Cross-Reactivity Key:
- H-Human
- M-Mouse
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
| Immunoprecipitation | 1:100 |
Storage
Protocol
Specificity / Sensitivity
MDA-5 (D74E4) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total MDA-5 protein.
Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Arg470 of human MDA-5.
Background
Antiviral innate immunity depends on the combination of parallel pathways triggered by virus detecting proteins in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family and RNA helicases, such as Rig-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I) and MDA-5 (melanoma differentiation-associated antigen 5), which promote the transcription of type I interferons (IFN) and antiviral enzymes (1-3). TLRs and helicase proteins contain sites that recognize the molecular patterns of different virus types, including DNA, single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and glycoproteins. These antiviral proteins are found in different cell compartments; TLRs (i.e. TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9) are expressed on endosomal membranes and helicases are localized to the cytoplasm. Rig-I expression is induced by retinoic acid, LPS, IFN, and viral infection (4,5). Both Rig-I and MDA-5 share a DExD/H-box helicase domain that detects viral dsRNA and two amino-terminal caspase recruitment domains (CARD) that are required for triggering downstream signaling (4-7). Rig-I binds both dsRNA and viral ssRNA that contains a 5'-triphosphate end not seen in host RNA (8,9). Though structurally related, Rig-I and MDA-5 detect a distinct set of viruses (10,11). The CARD domain of the helicases, which is sufficient to generate signaling and IFN production, is recruited to the CARD domain of the MAVS/VISA/Cardif/IPS-1 mitochondrial protein, which triggers activation of NF-κB, TBK1/IKKε, and IRF-3/IRF-7 (12-15).
MDA-5 (16,17), also named Ifih1 (interferon induced with helicase C domain 1), RH116 (RNA helicase-DEAD box protein 116) (18), or Helicard (19) is found to be induced by interferon. During apoptosis, MDA-5 is cleaved by caspases, separating the helicase and CARD domains (19). MDA-5 is uniquely activated by picornavirus (20) and measles virus (21).
- Yoneyama, M. and Fujita, T. (2007) J Biol Chem 282, 15315-8.
- Meylan, E. and Tschopp, J. (2006) Mol Cell 22, 561-9.
- Thompson, A.J. and Locarnini, S.A. (2007) Immunol Cell Biol 85, 435-45.
- Imaizumi, T. et al. (2002) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 292, 274-9.
- Zhang, X. et al. (2000) Microb Pathog 28, 267-78.
- Yoneyama, M. et al. (2005) J Immunol 175, 2851-8.
- Yoneyama, M. et al. (2004) Nat Immunol 5, 730-7.
- Hornung, V. et al. (2006) Science 314, 994-7.
- Pichlmair, A. et al. (2006) Science 314, 997-1001.
- Kato, H. et al. (2006) Nature 441, 101-5.
- Childs, K. et al. (2007) Virology 359, 190-200.
- Meylan, E. et al. (2005) Nature 437, 1167-72.
- Xu, L.G. et al. (2005) Mol Cell 19, 727-40.
- Kawai, T. et al. (2005) Nat Immunol 6, 981-8.
- Seth, R.B. et al. (2005) Cell 122, 669-82.
- Kang, D.C. et al. (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99, 637-42.
- Kang, D.C. et al. (2004) Oncogene 23, 1789-800.
- Cocude, C. et al. (2003) J Gen Virol 84, 3215-25.
- Kovacsovics, M. et al. (2002) Curr Biol 12, 838-43.
- Kato, H. et al. (2006) Nature 441, 101-5.
- Berghäll, H. et al. (2006) Microbes Infect 8, 2138-44.
Limited Uses
Except as otherwise expressly agreed in a writing signed by a legally authorized representative of CST, the following terms apply to Products provided by CST, its affiliates or its distributors. Any Customer's terms and conditions that are in addition to, or different from, those contained herein, unless separately accepted in writing by a legally authorized representative of CST, are rejected and are of no force or effect.
Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.