Phospho-IRF-3 (Ser396) (4D4G) Rabbit mAb #4947
- WB
Supporting Data
| REACTIVITY | H M |
| SENSITIVITY | Endogenous |
| MW (kDa) | 45-55 |
| Source/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
Application Key:
- WB-Western Blotting
Species Cross-Reactivity Key:
- H-Human
- M-Mouse
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
Storage
Protocol
Specificity / Sensitivity
Phospho-IRF-3 (Ser396) (4D4G) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of IRF-3 when phosphorylated at Ser396.
Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse
The antigen sequence used to produce this antibody shares 100% sequence homology with the species listed here, but reactivity has not been tested or confirmed to work by CST. Use of this product with these species is not covered under our Product Performance Guarantee.
Species predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology:
Monkey, Pig
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser396 of human IRF-3.
Background
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) comprise a family of transcription factors that function within the Jak/Stat pathway to regulate interferon (IFN) and IFN-inducible gene expression in response to viral infection (1). IRFs play an important role in pathogen defense, autoimmunity, lymphocyte development, cell growth, and susceptibility to transformation. The IRF family includes nine members: IRF-1, IRF-2, IRF-9/ISGF3γ, IRF-3, IRF-4 (Pip/LSIRF/ICSAT), IRF-5, IRF-6, IRF-7, and IRF-8/ICSBP. All IRF proteins share homology in their amino-terminal DNA-binding domains. IRF family members regulate transcription through interactions with proteins that share similar DNA-binding motifs, such as IFN-stimulated response elements (ISRE), IFN consensus sequences (ICS), and IFN regulatory elements (IRF-E) (2).
IRF-3 can inhibit cell growth and plays a critical role in controlling the expression of genes in the innate immune response (1-4). In unstimulated cells, IRF-3 is present in the cytoplasm. Viral infection results in phosphorylation of IRF-3 and leads to its translocation to the nucleus where it activates promoters containing IRF-3-binding sites. Phosphorylation of IRF-3 occurs at a cluster of C-terminal serine and threonine residues (between 385 and 405) leading to its association with the p300/CBP coactivator protein that promotes DNA binding and transcriptional activity (5). During infection, IRF-3 is likely activated through a pathway that includes activation of Toll-like receptors and of a kinase complex that includes IKKε and TBK1 (6,7). IRF-3 is phosphorylated at Ser396 following viral infection, expression of viral nucleocapsid, and double stranded RNA treatment. These events likely play a role in activation of IRF-3 (8).
- Taniguchi, T. et al. (2001) Annu Rev Immunol 19, 623-55.
- Honda, K. and Taniguchi, T. (2006) Nat Rev Immunol 6, 644-58.
- Hiscott, J. et al. (1999) J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 19, 1-13.
- Kim, T.Y. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 15272-15278.
- Yoneyama, M. et al. (2002) J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 22, 73-76.
- Fitzgerald, K.A. et al. (2003) Nat. Immunol. 4, 491-496.
- Kopp, E. and Medzhitov, R. (2003) Curr. Opin. Immunol. 15, 396-401.
- Servant, M.J. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 9441-9447.
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