Phospho-Tau Family Antibody Sampler Kit #96628
Product Information
Kit Usage Information
Protocols
- 7074: Western Blotting
- 7076: Western Blotting
- 9632: Western Blotting
- 15013: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Agarose), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
- 20194: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Agarose), Immunofluorescence, Immunofluorescence
- 35834: Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
- 39357: Western Blotting
- 46687: Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Immunofluorescence, Immunofluorescence
Product Description
Specificity / Sensitivity
Each antibody in the Phospho-Tau Family Antibody Sampler Kit detects endogenous levels of this target protein. Tau (D1M9X) XP® Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total Tau protein. Phospho-Tau(Ser404) (D2Z4G) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of Tau protein when phosphorylated at Ser404. This antibody detects single phosphorylation at Ser404, dual phosphorylation at Ser400/Thr403/Ser404. This antibody does not detect peptides with single phosphorylation at Ser400 or Thr403. Phospho-Tau (Thr181) (D9F4G) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of Tau protein only when phosphorylated at Thr181. Phospho-Tau (Ser202) (D4H7E) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of Tau protein only when phosphorylated at Ser202. Phospho-Tau (Ser396) (PHF13) Mouse mAb recognizes endogenous levels of Tau protein only when phosphorylated at Ser396. Phospho-Tau (Ser416) (D7U2P) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of Tau protein only when phosphorylated at Ser416.
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic peptides corresponding to residues surrounding Asp430 of human Tau. Phosphorylation-specific monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with synthetic peptides corresponding to Ser400/Thr403/Ser404, Thr181, Ser202, Ser416 Tau, and Ser396 with human purified Tau (Hoffmann et al., 1997 -PMID 9201960).
Background
Tau is a heterogeneous microtubule-associated protein that promotes and stabilizes microtubule assembly, especially in axons. Six isoforms with different amino-terminal inserts and different numbers of tandem repeats near the carboxy terminus have been identified, and tau is hyperphosphorylated at approximately 25 sites by Erk, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), and CDK5 (1,2). Phosphorylation decreases the ability of tau to bind to microtubules. Neurofibrillary tangles are a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD); these tangles are bundles of paired helical filaments (PHFs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. In particular, phosphorylation at Ser396 by GSK-3 or CDK5 destabilizes microtubules. Furthermore, research studies have shown that inclusions of tau are found in a number of other neurodegenerative diseases, collectively known as tauopathies (1,3).
Investigators have shown that Tau phosphorylation at Ser404 destabilizes microtubules and that Tau is hyperphosphorylated at Ser404 in Alzheimer's disease (2,4-6). Research studies indicate that calcium-/calmodulin-dependent protease kinase II (CAM-kkinase II) is responsible for the phosphorylation of Tau at Ser416. Phosphorylated Tau protein is localized with neuronal soma or hippocampal neurons and immortalized GnRH neurons (7). Investigators have shown that Tau is phosphorylated during development and hyperphosphorylated at Ser202 in Alzheimer's disease (8).
- Johnson, G.V. and Stoothoff, W.H. (2004) J Cell Sci 117, 5721-9.
- Hanger, D.P. et al. (1998) J Neurochem 71, 2465-76.
- Bramblett, G.T. et al. (1993) Neuron 10, 1089-99.
- Shiurba, R.A. et al. (1996) Brain Res 737, 119-32.
- Evans, D.B. et al. (2000) J Biol Chem 275, 24977-83.
- Bertrand, J. et al. (2010) Neuroscience 168, 323-34.
- Yamamoto, H. et al. (2005) J Neurochem 94, 1438-47.
- Goedert, M. et al. (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90, 5066-70.
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