SS18 (D6I4Z) Rabbit mAb #21792
- WB
- IP
- IHC
- ChIP
- C&R
Supporting Data
| REACTIVITY | H M R Mk |
| SENSITIVITY | Endogenous |
| MW (kDa) | Iso1 60, Iso2 50 |
| Source/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
Application Key:
- WB-Western Blotting
- IP-Immunoprecipitation
- IHC-Immunohistochemistry
- ChIP-Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- C&R-CUT & RUN
Species Cross-Reactivity Key:
- H-Human
- M-Mouse
- R-Rat
- Mk-Monkey
Product Information
Product Usage Information
The CUT&RUN dilution was determined using CUT&RUN Assay Kit #86652.
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
| Immunoprecipitation | 1:50 |
| Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) | 1:10000 |
| Chromatin IP | 1:50 |
| Chromatin IP-seq | 1:50 |
| CUT&RUN | 1:50 |
Storage
Protocol
Specificity / Sensitivity
SS18 (D6I4Z) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total SS18 protein.
Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey
The antigen sequence used to produce this antibody shares 100% sequence homology with the species listed here, but reactivity has not been tested or confirmed to work by CST. Use of this product with these species is not covered under our Product Performance Guarantee.
Species predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology:
Dog, Horse
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Gln394 of human SS18 protein.
Background
ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes play an essential role in the regulation of nuclear processes such as transcription and DNA replication and repair (1,2). The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex consists of more than 10 subunits and contains a single molecule of either BRM or BRG1 as the ATPase catalytic subunit. The activity of the ATPase subunit disrupts histone-DNA contacts and changes the accessibility of crucial regulatory elements to the chromatin. The additional core and accessory subunits play a scaffolding role to maintain stability and provide surfaces for interaction with various transcription factors and chromatin (2-5). The interactions between SWI/SNF subunits and transcription factors, such as nuclear receptors, p53, Rb, BRCA1, and MyoD, facilitate recruitment of the complex to target genes for regulation of gene activation, cell growth, cell cycle, and differentiation processes (1,6-9).
SS18 is a protein that has been shown to be a part of the SWI/SNF complex (10, 11). The SS18-SSX fusion proteins are a result of in-frame fusions that fuse the SS18 gene on chromosome 18 with X chromosome genes SSX1, SSX2, and to a lesser extent SSX4 (12). Human synovial sarcoma (SS) accounts for 8-10% of all soft tissue malignancies and 95% of these malignancies express the recurrent translocation of the SS18 gene on chromosome 18 (12). The N-terminal SNH domain (SYT N-terminal homology domain) of the SS18 protein interacts with SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes via the N terminal region of BRM and BRG1 subunits (13). Studies of the SS18-SSX fusion in SS suggest that endogenous SS18 competes with the mutant SS18-SSX fusion for occupancy in the SWI/SNF complexes resulting in the displacement of SNF5 (BAF47) subunit. Displacement of the SNF5 subunit results in altered function of the SWI/SNF complex that leads to deregulated expression of genes such as Sox2 in SS (12).
In addition, cytosolic SS18 isoforms also associate with F-actin in cytoskeletal organization (14). SS18 null mice do not develop beyond E9.5 and have defects in vascularization, cell migration, neural tube closure, and fusion within the embryonic-maternal membranes (14).
- Ho, L. and Crabtree, G.R. (2010) Nature 463, 474-84.
- Becker, P.B. and Hörz, W. (2002) Annu Rev Biochem 71, 247-73.
- Eberharter, A. and Becker, P.B. (2004) J Cell Sci 117, 3707-11.
- Bowman, G.D. (2010) Curr Opin Struct Biol 20, 73-81.
- Gangaraju, V.K. and Bartholomew, B. (2007) Mutat Res 618, 3-17.
- Lessard, J.A. and Crabtree, G.R. (2010) Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 26, 503-32.
- Morettini, S. et al. (2008) Front Biosci 13, 5522-32.
- Wolf, I.M. et al. (2008) J Cell Biochem 104, 1580-6.
- Simone, C. (2006) J Cell Physiol 207, 309-14.
- Nagai, M. et al. (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98, 3843-8.
- Thaete, C. et al. (1999) Hum Mol Genet 8, 585-91.
- Kadoch, C. and Crabtree, G.R. (2013) Cell 153, 71-85.
- Perani, M. et al. (2003) Oncogene 22, 8156-67.
- Kim, J. et al. (2009) PLoS One 4, e6455.
Limited Uses
Except as otherwise expressly agreed in a writing signed by a legally authorized representative of CST, the following terms apply to Products provided by CST, its affiliates or its distributors. Any Customer's terms and conditions that are in addition to, or different from, those contained herein, unless separately accepted in writing by a legally authorized representative of CST, are rejected and are of no force or effect.
Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.